Table 2. Hazard ratios of incident gout according to a diagnosis of psoriasis.
| Cases of gout (primary outcome) |
Person-years | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) |
Multivariate-adjusted HRa (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPFS | ||||
| No psoriasis | 1,329 | 634,372 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Self-reported psoriasis | 39 | 9,277 | 1.97 (1.43, 2.71) | 1.79 (1.30, 2.47) |
| Confirmed psoriasis | 20 | 3,184 | 3.01 (1.93, 4.68) | 2.72 (1.75, 4.25) |
| NHS | ||||
| No psoriasis | 812 | 813,880 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Self-reported psoriasis | 37 | 19,098 | 2.02 (1.45, 2.81) | 1.63 (1.17, 2.27) |
| Confirmed psoriasis | 20 | 13,070 | 1.64 (1.05, 2.56) | 1.40 (0.90, 2.19) |
| HPFS/NHS | ||||
| No psoriasis | 2,141 | 1,448,252 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Self-reported psoriasis | 76 | 28,375 | 2.00 (1.59, 2.51) | 1.71 (1.36, 2.15) |
| Confirmed psoriasis | 40 | 16,254 | 2.22 (1.22, 4.03) | 1.95 (1.02, 3.75) |
a
Hazard ratios were further adjusted for BMI (<24.9, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, or ≥35 kg/m2), alcohol intake (no, <5.0, 5.0-9.9, 10.0-19.9, or ≥20.0 g/d), physical activity (quintiles), smoking status (never, past, current smoking with 1-14, 15-24, or ≥25 cigarettes/day), hypertension (yes/no), type 2 diabetes (yes/no), diuretics use (yes/no), aspirin use (yes/no), and daily average intakes of total energy, total vitamin C, coffee, total meats, seafood, total dairy foods, and free fructose (all in quintiles). Analyses for women were also adjusted for menopausal status and postmenopausal hormones use (premenopausal, postmenopausal never, past, or current use).