Table 5.
| Guidelines | What is recommended? |
|---|---|
| JNC 8 | Not specifically addressed, but supports the recommendations of the 2013 Lifestyle Work Group, a set of diet and activity guidelines to reduce CV disease risk [26] |
| ASH/ISH | Weight loss in patients who are overweight or obese |
| Reduce salt intake | |
| Regular exercise as part of the daily routine | |
| Reduce alcohol consumption—Up to 2 drinks a day for men and 1 for women | |
| Stopping smoking | |
| AHA/ACC/CDC | Maintain BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 |
| Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products with a reduced content of saturated and total fat | |
| Consume no more than 2,400 mg sodium/day. Further reduction of sodium intake to 1,500 mg/day is desirable since it is associated with even greater reduction in BP. Reduce intake by at least 1,000 mg/day since that will lower BP, even if the desired daily sodium intake is not achieved | |
| Engage in regular aerobic physical activity such as brisk walking at least 30 min per day, most days of the week | |
| Limit alcohol consumption to no more than 2 drinks per day in most men, and no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter weight persons | |
| CHEP | Physical exercise: 30–60 min moderate intensity dynamic exercise 4–7 days a week |
| Weight reduction: target BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 and waist circumference <102 cm for men and <88 cm for women | |
| Alcohol consumption: two drinks or less per day, with consumption not exceeding 14 or 9 standard drinks per week for men and women, respectively (standard drink is considered 17.2 ml ethanol) | |
| Diet: consume a diet that emphasises fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, dietary and soluble fibre, whole grains and protein from plant sources that is reduced in saturated fat and cholesterol | |
| Reduce sodium intake towards 5 g of salt daily | |
| Supplementation of potassium, calcium and magnesium is not recommended | |
| Stress management | |
| ESH/ESC | Salt reduction |
| Moderation of alcohol consumption, no more than 20–30 g ethanol per day in men and 10–20 g in women | |
| Consume a diet of vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy products, dietary and soluble fibre, whole grains and proteins from plant sources | |
| Reduce consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol | |
| Weight reduction for overweight or obese patients | |
| Regular physical exercise, 30–60 min moderate intensity dynamic exercise 5–7 days a week | |
| Cessation of smoking | |
| France | Reduce excessive salt consumption |
| Regular physical activity | |
| Reduce weight if overweight | |
| Reduce excessive consumption of alcohol | |
| Adopt a diet rich in fruit and vegetables | |
| Cease smoking | |
| NICE | Provide diet and exercise advice |
| Reduce alcohol consumption | |
| Reduce consumption of coffee and caffeine-rich products | |
| Reduce salt intake | |
| Cease smoking | |
| Calcium, magnesium and potassium supplements are not recommended | |
| Relaxation therapies | |
| Taiwan | S-ABCDE: |
| Salt restriction | |
| Alcohol limitation | |
| Body weight reduction | |
| Cessation of smoking | |
| Diet adaption | |
| Exercise adoption | |
| China | Sodium reduction |
| Smoking cessation | |
| Reduction of body weight | |
| Reduction in alcohol consumption | |
| Increase dietary potassium | |
| Increase physical activity |
AHA/ACC/CDC American Hypertension Association/American College of Cardiology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ASH/ISH American Society of Hypertension/International Society of Hypertension, CHEP Canadian hypertension education program, ESH/ESC European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology, JNC 8 Eighth Joint National Committee, NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence (UK), BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CV cardiovascular