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. 2014 Oct 20;11(4):402–411. doi: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.4.402

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Neurovisecral interactions with confounding variables related to heart rate variability Inline graphic, Indicating the factors that operate on heart rate variability bidirectionally. Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and brainstem work as an interconnected network, and operate on heart rate variability by regulating the autonomic nervous system ⇦, Indicating the confounding factors that influence the overall network, and which can affect final heart rate variability differences.