Table 1.

Demographic and immune-virological characteristics of the study population and comparison between H-CSF and L-CSF patients

	Tot naïve n=131	CSF-HIV-RNA <10000 cp/mL (L-CSF pts) (n=89)	CSF-HIV_RNA >=10000 cp/mL (H-CSF pts) (n=42)	P value
Female, n (%)*	12 (9)	6 (6)	6 (16)	0.162
Age (years), median (IQR)*	38 (32–45)	38 (32–45)	38 (32–49)	0.886
Time since first HIV diagnosis (months), median (IQR)*	3.7 (1–21)	4.4 (1.3–15.9)	3 (1–33)	0.718
Plasma HIV-RNA, Log cp/mL median (IQR)*	4.89 (4.22–5.42)	4.69 (4.16–5.26)	5.23 (4.78–5.85)	0.002
CSF-HIV-RNA, Log cp/mL median (IQR)*	3.65 (3.04–4.19)	3.44 (2.89–3.67)	4.76 (4.22–5.09)	0.0001
CD4+ T-cell, cell/mmc median (IQR)	307 (150–417)	320 (154–446)	267 (125–366)	0.076
CD4+ T-cell, % median (IQR)	19 (11–24)	20 (12–25)	17 (10–20)	0.028
CD8 T-cell, cell/mmc, median (IQR)	921 (650–1172)	901 (650–1092)	1037 (652–1222)	0.207
CD8 T-cell, % median (IQR)	57 (51–66)	55 (49–62)	62 (53–73)	0.005
Nadir CD4 t-cell, cell/mmc median (IQR)*	282 (130–388)	305 (131–405)	209 (125–357)	0.157
Ratio CD4/CD8, median (IQR)*	0.33 (0.17–0.45)	0.37 (0.2–0.48)	0.28 (0.14–0.37)	0.021
Symptomatic for headache, n (%)	14 (11)	4 (5)	10 (24)	0.001
HCV co-infection, n (%)*	7/112 (6)	5/76 (6)	2/36 (5)	0.834
HBC co-infection, n (%)*	8/98 (8)	6/64 (9)	2/34 (6)	0.548
Altered neurocognitive tests**, n (%)	25/53 (47)	18/40 (45)	7/13 (54)	0.579
T-cell Activation
CD38+CD8+%, median (IQR)*	13 (7–23)	12 (6–21)	17 (8–26)	0.074
CD45R0+CD38+CD8+%, median (IQR)*	8 (4–16)	7 (4–14)	11 (6–18(	0.017
T-cell Maturation/Differentiation
CD127+CD4+%, median (IQR)*	11 (6–15)	11 (7–16)	9 (5–13)	0.059
CD127+CD8+%, median (IQR)*	26 (21–34)	26 (21–33)	25 (21–35)	0.656
CD4SRA+CD4+%, median (IQR)*	7 (3–10)	7 (4–10)	6 (3–8)	0.250
CD45RA+CD8+%, median (IQR)*	17 (13–23)	20 (14–24)	16 (10–19)	0.007
CD45R0+CD8+%, median (IQR)*	20 (16–29)	20 (15–29)	25 (16–32)	0.163

H-CSF, patients with CSF HIV-RNA ≥10.000 cp/mL; L-CSF, patients with CSF HIV-RNA<10.000 cp/mL.