Table 2.
Selected examples of study designs and NSAID definitions for case–control studies of interaction between NSAID and polymorphisms in relation to CRC
| Study design | Study population | NSAID use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KPMCP, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California and Twin cities, Utah (DALS, Diet, Activity and Lifestyle Study) | Case–control study based on interview using standardised questionnaires within 2 years of diagnosis | NHW, non-Hispanic White | Use of aspirin or ibuprofen at least three times per week for 1 month or more27 | |
| CCFR, Colon Cancer Family Registry | Case–control study based on interview using standardised questionnaires within 5 years of diagnosis | NHW, non-Hispanic White | Use of aspirin or ibuprofen at least twice per week for 1 month or more27 | |
| NoSk, Northeast of Skotland | Case–control study using questionnaire, population-based controls matched on sex and age at diagnosis | Residents in Scotland | Use of aspirin every day for a month or more, presently or had ever taken43 | |
| SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result Kentucky Cancer Registry | Case–control study using self-administered questionnaire with information on NSAID use. Controls were recruited via random digit dialling | No available information34 | ||
| NCCCS, North Carolina Colon Cancer Study | Case–control study, questionnaires administered by trained nurses. Controls from Division on Motor Vehicles or from Medicare with the same 5-year age, gender and ethnic group | African American | Any NSAID in the past 5 year for 3 days/week or more for 3 months or more40 | |
| UK | Multicentre case–control study, a questionnaires were administered by trained nurses, Age-, sex- and General Practitioner-matching controls. | Caucasian | Have you ever taken NSAID/aspirin on a regular basis for periods of 3 months or more (Y/N).42 | |
| CCFR2 (Colon Cancer Family Registry) | Multicentre case-unaffected sibling and populations-based controls study design, interviewed within 5 years of diagnosis | Non-Hispanic White | No available information23 | |
| GERM | Population-based case–control study with 22 hospitals in the area. Controls randomly selected from populations registries and frequency matched with cases by sex, county of residence and 5-year age group | Residents in Germany | Intake of NSAID two or more times per week for at least 1 year38 | |
| Diet, Health, and Cancer | Prospective cohort, nested case–subcohort study, questionnaires at entry | Danish | Intake of NSAID two or more times per month for at least 1 year at study entry19 | |
| The Rotterdam Study | Prospective populations-based cohort, nested case–control study, follow-up | Holland | Cumulative exposure to NSAIDs until the index date (date of cancer diagnosis)22 | |
| NHS & HPFS | Prospective cohort, nested case–control study within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), follow-up | U.S. | Cumulative average intake of aspirin before diagnosis46 | |