| KoHS16 2013 |
Minimal (Random survey by questionnaire) |
Minimal (direct completion of survey) |
Minimal (hospital records and specific definition used) |
Minimal (adjusting for maternal age, BMI) |
Minimal (Multivariable logistic regression model for the confounders) |
Minimal (all subjects from initiation to final outcome accounted for) |
minimal |
| Louis J17 2012 |
Minimal (Randomly selected) |
Minimal (direct measurement of exposure) |
Minimal (hospital records and specific definition used) |
Minimal (adjusting for maternal age, race BMI) |
Minimal (Multivariable logistic regression model for the confounders) |
Minimal (<10% attrition and reasons for loss of follow up explained) |
minimal |
| Olivarea18 SA 2011 |
Minimal (all gravidae in the Ben Taub General Hospital obstetrics clinic) |
Minimal (direct completion of survey) |
Minimal (hospital records and specific definition used) |
Minimal (adjusting for age and BMI) |
Minimal (Multivariable logistic regression model for adjusting confounders) |
Minimal (no loss to follow up) |
minimal |
| Louis JM19 2010 |
Minimal (randomly selected) |
Low (validated prenatal database between January 2000-December 2008) |
Low (assessment from administrative database) |
Minimal (adjusting for maternal age, race BMI) |
Minimal (Multivariable logistic regression model for the confounders) |
Minimal (all subjects accounted for) |
low |
| Sahin FK20 2008 |
Minimal (all pregnant women between May 2006 and June 2007 in Afyonkarahisar Kocatepe university hospital) |
Minimal (direct measurement of exposure) |
Minimal (hospital records and specific definition used) |
Low (adjusting for BMI) |
Low (Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square or Fisher exact test were applied) |
Minimal (no loss to follow up) |
minimal |
