Table 3.
Complications, treatment and outcome of IE episodes
| |
No. (%) |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic |
TOTAL |
Native valve |
Prosthetic valve |
p | |
| (189 cases) | (118 cases) | (71 cases) | |||
| Complications |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Embolizations* |
83 (44%) |
56 (47%) |
27 (38%) |
0.4 |
| |
Heart failure |
49 (26%) |
32 (27%) |
17 (24%) |
0.6 |
| |
Arrhythmias |
40 (21%) |
28 (24%) |
12 (17%) |
0.3 |
| |
Intracardiac abscess |
15 (9%) |
6 (5%) |
9 (15%) |
0.04 |
| |
Renal failure |
12 (6%) |
6 (5%) |
6 (8%) |
0.4 |
| |
Septic shock |
8 (4%) |
2 (2%) |
6 (8%) |
0.05 |
| Medical treatment | |||||
| |
Monotherapy |
18 (10%) |
13 (11%) |
5 (7%) |
0.02 |
| |
Dual therapy |
115 (62%) |
78 (68%) |
37 (53%) |
|
| |
≥three drug therapy |
52 (28%) |
24 (21%) |
28 (40%) |
|
| Surgical treatment | |||||
| |
Medical and surgical |
99 (52%) |
65 (55%) |
34 (47%) |
0.3 |
| |
Multiple valve procedures |
24 (24%) |
18 (15%) |
6 (8%) |
0.2 |
| Surgical treatment timing | |||||
| |
Emergency (≤48 h) |
4 (4%) |
3 (5%) |
1 (3%) |
0.4 |
| |
Urgent (>48 h and ≤7 days) |
12 (12%) |
9 (14%) |
3 (9%) |
|
| |
Elective (> 7 days) |
83 (84%) |
53 (81%) |
30 (88%) |
|
| In-hospital mortality |
32 (17%) |
16 (14%) |
16 (23%) |
0.1 |
|
| |
Pre-operative |
20 (63%) |
11 (69%) |
9 (56%) |
0.8 |
| |
Intra-operative |
2 (6%) |
1 (6%) |
1 (6%) |
|
| Post-operative | 10 (31%) | 4 (25%) | 6 (38%) | ||
*Embolizations: Stroke (35, 19%); Non-Stroke (48, 25%) [Pulmonary (21), Cutaneous (5); Upper/lower extremities (3); Myocardial infarction (1); Splenic (12); Bone (6)].