Table 3.
Association between risk factors and cognitive function in multivariable linear regression
| Cognitive Function |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)* | |
| Candidate Risk Factors | |||
| Transplant type, single | 2.74 (0.70 to 4.78) | 0.01 | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass | −2.69 (−0.59 to −4.79) | 0.01 | |
| Bypass time, min* | −0.58 (−0.19 to −0.97) | 0.005 | |
| Primary graft dysfunction | −1.15 (−3.62 to 1.32) | 0.35 | |
| Graft ischemic time, min† | −1.50 (−0.62 to −2.39) | 0.001 | −1.20 (−0.25 to −2.14) – −1.66 (−0.72 to −2.60) |
| Ischemic time, categorized | |||
| <217 (1st quartile) | Reference | Reference | |
| 217–242 | −0.27 (−2.66 to 2.13) | 0.82 | |
| >242 (4th quartile) | −3.1 (−0.38 to − 5.81) | 0.03 | |
| Post-transplant physical function gain, m‡ | 0.62 (0.03 to 1.20) | 0.04 | 0.61 (0.09 to 1.14) – 0.73 (0.14 to 1.32) |
| Potential covariates | |||
| Age, yr§ | 1.28 (0.22 to 2.33) | 0.02 | |
| Male sex, % | −1.19 (0.91 to −3.29) | 0.26 | |
| Pulmonary diagnosis | |||
| COPD | Reference | Reference | |
| IPF | 0.33 (−2.48 to 3.14) | 0.81 | |
| Cystic fibrosis | −1.77 (−6.85 to 3.31) | 0.48 | |
| Other | −0.31 (−2.93 to 2.32) | 0.81 | |
| Coexisting conditions | |||
| Anxiety | −0.84 (−3.11 to 1.43) | 0.46 | |
| Depression | −0.27 (−2.42 to 1.88) | 0.80 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.99 (−1.19 to 3.17) | 0.36 | |
| Coronary artery disease | −1.30 (−3.88 to 1.26) | 0.31 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 6.51 (0.24 to 12.78) | 0.04 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.41 (−1.93 to 2.76) | 0.72 | |
| Hypertension | −0.72 (−2.83 to 1.39) | 0.49 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.62 (−1.50 to 2.74) | 0.56 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 0.65 (−0.01 to 1.31) | 0.05 | |
| Preexisting mild pulmonary hypertension | −0.18 (−2.42 to 2.06) | 0.87 | |
| Level of education, yr | 0.21 (−0.25 to 0.68) | 0.36 | |
| Time from transplant to testing, mo | −0.002 (−0.15 to 0.15) | 0.98 | |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IPF = idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
After adjustment for each candidate risk factor and potential confounder associated with cognition at significance level < 0.20, graft ischemia time and post-transplant physical function gain remained associated with cognitive function. Neither transplant type nor use of cardiopulmonary bypass remained significant after adjustment for age.
For each 50-unit decrease in ischemic time and cardiopulmonary bypass time.
For each 100-unit increase in 6-minute-walk distance (m) gained after physical therapy post-transplantation (final distance – initial distance)
For each 10-unit increase in age.