Table 2.
Breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of natural and synthetic oleanane triterpenoids in preclinical animal models
| Compounds | Effects | Mechanisms | Dose/duration | Route | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDDO | Reduced the growth of xenografted MDA-MB-435 tumor cells in female nude mice | 40 mg/kg/day; twice a week for 3 weeks | i.v. | Lapillonne et al. (2003) | |
| Blocked the growth and size of transplanted MCF7/HER2 tumors in female nude mice | ↓Cell proliferation; ↓cyclin D1; ↑apoptosis; | 20 mg/kg/day; 3 times a week for 3 weeks | i.v. | Konopleva et al. (2006) | |
| CDDO-Im | Reduced tumor burden in MDA-MB-468 xenograft model in female BALB/c nu/nu mice | ↓Cell proliferation | 5 mg/kg/day; 14 days | i.p. | Hyer et al. (2005) |
| CDDO-Me | Abrogated the growth and metastases of 4T1 tumor cells transplanted in female BALB/c mice | ↑Mature spleen dendritic cells | 200 μg/ mouse; 5 times at 2-day intervals | i.v. | Ling et al. (2007) |
| Prolonged the development or arrested the growth of mammary tumors in female MMTV-neu mice | ↓Cell proliferation; ↑apoptosis; | 60–100 mg/kg diet; 4–45 weeks | diet | Liby et al. (2008) | |
| Delayed the development of tumors in female Brac1- mutated mice | ↓p-ErbB2; ↓p-ErbB2; ↓cyclin D1; ↓γ-H2AX | 50 mg/kg diet; 26 weeks | diet | Kim et al. (2012) | |
| Prolonged the development of tumor and survival of tumor- bearing female PyMT mice | ↓Infiltration of TAM | 50 mg/kg diet; 30–42 weeks | diet | Tran et al. (2012) | |
| Delayed development and burden of tumor in female PyMT mice | ↓Infiltration of TAM | 50–400 mg/kg diet; 26 weeks | diet | Tran et al. (2013) | |
| CDDO-EA | Marginally delayed the development of mammary tumors in female PyMT mice | 400 mg/kg diet; 20 weeks | diet | Tran et al. (2013) | |
| AMR | Inhibited the growth of implanted tumor induced by NMU in female Sprague– Dawley rats | 10–20 mg/kg/ day; 3 weeks | i.p. | Rabi (1996) | |
| AMR-Me | Exhibited lack of antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor in Swiss mice | 50–100 mg/ kg/day; 7 days | i.p. | Rabi et al. (2002) | |
| Inhibited the incidence and burden of mammary tumors induced by DMBA in female Sprague–Dawley rats | ↓Cell proliferation; ↑apoptosis; ↓Bax; ↓Bcl-2; ↓ER-α; ↓ER-β; ↓cyclin D1; ↓β-catenin; ↓COX-2; ↓HSP90; ↓NF-κB; ↑IκB-α | 0.8–1.6 mg/ kg; 3 times per week for 18 weeks | p.o. | Bishayee et al. (2013); Mandal et al. (2013a); Mandal et al. (2013b) |