. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Phytochem Rev. 2014 Feb 5;13(4):793–810. doi: 10.1007/s11101-014-9337-5

Table 3.

Clinical studies on synthetic oleanane triterpenoids

Human Subjects	Objectives	Findings	Dose	Route	References
Patients with refractory/ relapsed AML (9)^a	To find the correlation of CDDO and PPARγ on the effects of apoptosis and cell differentiation	No correlation	0.6 – 75.0 mg/ m²/h	Continuous infusion	Tsao et al. (2010)
Patients with advanced solid tumor refractory to standard treatments (7)^a	To determine MTD for CDDO To determine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CDDO	MTD: 1 μM No antitumor activity	0.6 – 38.4 mg/ m²/h	Continuous infusion	Speranza et al. (2012)
Patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard treatments (47)^a	To determine MTD and dose limiting toxicities for CDDO-Me To characterize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics activity To assess antitumor activity	MTD: 900 mg/d Complete tumor response	5, 50 or 100 mg	Oral	Hong et al. (2012)
Patients with moderate to severe CKD and type 2 diabetes (20)^a	To assess the effects of CDDO-Me on eGFR To assess safety	Increase in eGFR No serious adverse events	25 or 75 mg	Oral	Pergola et al. (2011a)
Patients with moderate to severe CKD and type 2 diabetes (227)^a	To estimate the change in eGFR from baseline from CDDO-Me To assess safety	Increase in eGFR maintained throughout 52 weeks Mild adverse events	25, 75 or 150 mg	Oral	Pergola et al. (2011b)

The number of human subjects is indicated in the parenthesis