Table 1.

Airway Neutrophil Proportion and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels

	BW				BAL
	20 h after FA	20 h after CAPs	Mean Individual Change from FA (%)	20 h after FA	20 h after CAPs	Mean Individual Change from FA (%)
PMNs, %	8 (3)	13 (3)*		1 (0.2)	2 (0.3)
IL-1β, pg/ml	448 (164)	680 (117)	351 (139)†	109 (18)	206 (39)*	155 (53)†
IL-6, pg/ml	716 (292)	801 (110)	206 (115)	513 (82)	610 (108)	34 (22)
IL-8, pg/ml	20,660 (2,778)	38,000 (6,184)*	136 (69)†	8,315 (1,207)	11,300 (1,487)*	51 (20)
TNF-α, pg/ml	205 (45)	271 (29)	168 (65)	253 (43)	276 (47)	5 (16)

Definition of abbreviations: BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; BW = bronchial wash; CAPs = concentrated ambient particles; FA = filtered air; PMNs = polymorphonuclear neutrophils; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

Data are presented as means (±SEM).

^*P < 0.05 versus post-FA.

^†P < 0.05 versus 0% change from FA.