Fig. 1.

Experimental procedure and performance. (A) Participants encoded AB pairs in four alternating study–test repetitions during the pretraining phase (blue). Participants then studied new overlapping (BC; orange) and nonoverlapping (XY; green) pairs during fMRI scanning. BC and XY study blocks were interleaved with rest scans (yellow); the encoding order of BC vs. XY was counterbalanced across participants. After scanning, memory for BC and XY pairs (intermixed; orange/green) and AC inferences (pink) was tested using cued recall. (B) AB memory performance as proportion correct on each test block. Line represents the group mean; points show individual participants. (C) Performance for nonoverlapping XY pairs (green), overlapping BC pairs (orange), and AC inferences (pink). Bar heights represent group means; points show individual participants. See also Fig. S1.