Table 5.
Summary of excluded studies during full-text review
| Author | Year | Design | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aanen |
2008 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. No NCCP. GERD, reproducibility of reflux symptoms only |
| Abbass |
2009 |
randomised clinical trial |
No diagnostic study. No NCCP. General pain patients |
| Achem |
1993 |
retrospective, review |
Prevalence of nutcracker esophagus in NCCP. For treatment outcome open label trial with small sample |
| Achem |
1997 |
randomised, controlled trial |
No diagnostic study. GERD patients only received PPI |
| Achem |
2000 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Adams |
2001 |
retrospective review |
no NCCP. Spiral CT in pulmonary embolism |
| Adamek |
1995 |
cross-sectional study |
No reference test. Description of coexistence of motility disorders and pathologic acid reflux |
| Aikens |
2001 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study, presence of fear in NCCP patients. Correlation of fear with symptoms |
| Aizawa |
1993 |
cross-sectional study |
no NCCP, acetylcholine provocation test for coronary arterial spasm |
| Ajanovic |
1999 |
cross-sectional study |
no NCCP. Pulmonary embolism |
| Aksglaede |
2003 |
experimental |
Experimental. Small sample (n = 5) chest pain. |
| Alexander |
1994 |
cross-sectional study |
Prevalence and nature of mental disorders in NCCP and IHD |
| Amarasiri |
2010 |
cross-sectional study |
GERD patients not NCCP |
| Anzai |
2000 |
cross-sectional study |
No reference test, coronary flow reserve with dopler in patients with no significant coronary stenosis |
| Armstrong |
1992 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Arnold |
2009 |
randomised clinical trial |
No diagnostic study. Treatment outcome |
| Aufderheide |
1996 |
validation |
Validation of ACI-TIPI probabilities for MI |
| Bak |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Comparison of prevalence of findings |
| Balaban |
1999 |
experimental |
No diagnostic study. Small sample (n = 10) |
| Baniukiewicz |
1997 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Description of findings in upper GI studies |
| Barham |
1997 |
observational |
No NCCP. Description of presence of esophageal spasm in patients undergoing upper GI studies |
| Barki |
1996 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Description of clinical presentation in painful rip syndrome |
| Basseri |
2011 |
experimental |
Experimental. No NCCP. Different techniques swallow studies |
| Bassotti |
1998 |
cohort, retrospective |
No NCCP. Nutcracker esophagus and the symptoms and findings investigated. |
| Bassotti |
1992 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Prevalence |
| Beck |
1992 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Charasteristics of NCCP patients compared to general pain patients |
| Belleville |
2010 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Characteristics of patients with panic disorders in the ER |
| Berkovich |
2000 |
cohort, retrospective |
No NCCP |
| Bernstein |
2002 |
validation |
GOLDmineR: improvement of a risk model |
| Berthelot |
2005 |
cohort, retrospective |
No diagnostic study. Pain referral study after injection |
| Bjorksten |
1999 |
cross-sectional study |
No patients, workers with muscoloskeletal complaints |
| Blatchford |
1999 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. Emergency medical admission rates |
| Borjesson |
1998 |
cross-sectional study |
Small sample (n = 18), prevalence of esophageal findings |
| Borjesson |
1998 |
non-randomised controlled trial |
No diagnostic study. Small sample size (n = 20 per group). Intervention = TENS |
| Bortolotti |
2001 |
experimental |
No diagnostic study, small sample (n = 9) |
| Bortolotti |
1997 |
randomised clinical trial |
No diagnostic study. L-Arginine in patients with NCCP. Small sample (n = 8) |
| Bovero |
1993 |
cohort, prospective |
Duplicate of same study Bovero 1993 included in the analysis under different titel |
| Bovero |
1993 |
cohort, prospective |
Duplicate of same study Bovero 1993 included in the analysis under different titel |
| Brims |
2010 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Broekaert |
2006 |
experimental |
Experimental trial in volunteers (no patients, n = 10) |
| Brunse |
2010 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Prevalence |
| Brusori |
2001 |
cross-sectional study |
Mixed sample, diagnosis of esophageal dysmotility in fluoroscopy vs. Manometry |
| Budzynski |
2010 |
cross-sectional study |
Mixed patients sample with significant and non significant coronary leasons not responding to PPI treatment |
| Bruyninckx |
2009 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. GP's reasons for referral |
| Cameron |
2006 |
case series |
Case series, selected sample by gastroenterologist. Not all patients had all investigation. Small samples for each group |
| Cannon |
1994 |
randomised clinical trial |
Treatment outcome (imipramine vs. placebo) |
| Carter |
1997 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Cremonini |
2005 |
review article |
Systematic Review PPI |
| Castell |
1998 |
Editorial |
Editorial |
| Chambers |
1998 |
observational |
Small sample size: n = 23, SI in 7 patients not calculated |
| Cheung |
2007 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Questionnaire to doctors to see what kind of patients they see, what diagnostic tests they use and how they treat. |
| Christenson |
2004 |
cohort, prospective |
Chest discomfort inappropriately not diagnosed ACS. Different research question |
| Crichton |
1997 |
experimental |
Experimental statistical rule out |
| Cossentino |
2012 |
randomised clinical trial |
No diagnostic study. Baclofen in gastro-esophageal diseases |
| Dekel |
2003 |
cohort, retrospective |
No diagnostic study. Prevalence of esophageal motility disorders. |
| Dekel |
2004 |
Not randomised, not controlled trial |
PPI trial only 14 patients included (only GERD positive treated) |
| Deng |
2009 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. Combination between cardiac ischemia and esophageal spasms |
| De Vries |
2006 |
cross-sectional study |
Mixed patient sample with cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain |
| Dickman |
2007 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Prevalence of GI findings in NCCP vs. patients with GERD |
| Disla |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study, prevalence |
| Domanovits |
2002 |
cross-sectional study |
Rule out cardiovascular disease. No diagnostic study for NCCP |
| Ellis |
1992 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Treatment outcome in patients with esophageal spasm |
| Elloway |
1992 |
cross-sectional study |
provocative radionuclide esophagealNo comparison to reference test, radionuclide esophageal transit (P-RET) investigation, small sample (n = 30) |
| Elloway |
1992 |
cross-sectional study |
Same study under different title |
| Erhardt |
2002 |
Guideline |
Task force on the management of chest pain |
| Esayag |
2008 |
retrospective review |
Pleuritic chest pain. No reference test, description of presentation and outcome |
| Esler |
2001 |
randomized clinical trial |
Dissertation, same as following. |
| Esler |
2003 |
randomized clinical trial |
Treatment intervention in NCCP. CBT in NCCP seems to reduce chest pain episodes |
| Fass |
1999 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Treatment outcome study |
| Fleischmann |
1997 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. Echokardiographic findings in acute chest pain and health status |
| Fletcher |
2011 |
cohort, prospective |
Sample size: 8 patients with NCCP |
| Fornari |
2008 |
cohort, retrospective |
No NCCP. Only nutcracker esophagus investigated |
| Fournier |
1993 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. Ergovine test during coronary angiogram and induction of coronary spasm |
| Fournier |
1993 |
cross-sectional study |
Same study under different titles |
| Foldes |
2011 |
cross-sectional study |
No comparison of test with reference test. Prevalence of panic disorders |
| Frobert |
1996 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Comparison of characteristics between NCCP with positive treadmill test compared to negative treadmill test. |
| Gentile |
2003 |
cross-sectional study |
Patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. No reference test, description of presentation, microbiological findings and mortality |
| Gignoux |
1993 |
experimental |
No diagnostic study, experimental study |
| Goehler |
2011 |
experimental |
Simulation model of CT scan |
| Goodacre |
2004 |
randomized clinical trial |
No diagnostic study. Comparison of treatments |
| Gustafsson |
1997 |
non-randomised controlled trial |
Sample size: intravenous edrophonium chloride test in 16 patients |
| Ha |
1998 |
cross-sectional study |
No only NCCP. Patients with suspected coronary artery spasm. Ergonovine provocation test and scintigrafic findings. Small sample (n = 26) |
| Hamm |
2011 |
Guideline |
ESC Guidelines |
| Herbella |
2009 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. Presentation of GERD patients |
| Hess |
2008 |
validation |
Diagnostic accuracy to exclude coronary artery disease |
| Hillis |
2003 |
observational |
Correlation of predictors and long term outcome. No diagnostic study |
| Hick |
1992 |
cohort, retrospective |
No diagnostic study. Comparison of characteristics |
| Hirano |
2001 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. Coronary artery spasm |
| Ho |
2001 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Difference between cardiovascular disease and non-cardiovascular disease |
| Hobson |
2006 |
experimental |
Experimental for pain threshold. |
| Hobson |
2006 |
experimental |
Same study under different titels |
| Howarth |
2003 |
cohort, prospective |
Ischemic heart disease and GERD |
| Hu |
2000 |
experimental |
Experimental trial in volunteers |
| Hughes |
2007 |
cohort, retrospective |
No diagnostic study. Risk factors for Reflux or NCCP |
| Hung |
2010 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Ilgen |
2011 |
validation |
Diagnostic accuracy to exclude coronary artery disease |
| Jacobs |
2007 |
Guideline |
executive summary of management patients with ischemic heart disease |
| Jerlock |
2005 |
qualitative study |
No diagnostic study. Qualitative study |
| Johnston |
1993 |
cohort, retrospective |
No diagnostic study, prevalence |
| Jones |
1999 |
cross-sectional study |
Pleuritic chest pain. Review article |
| Kahrilas |
2011 |
systematic review |
Systematic Review PPI Trial in NCCP, reference publication for included studies |
| Kao |
1993 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study, prevalence |
| Karamanolis |
2008 |
experimental |
Healthy volunteers |
| Karlson |
1994 |
observational |
No diagnostic study. Prognosis and outcome after discharge for ER |
| Ke |
1993 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study, prevalence of GERD in NCCP |
| Keefe |
2011 |
randomised clinical trial |
No diagnostic study. Coping skills training, sertraline, placebo |
| Keogh |
2004 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Presence of various psychological factors in the ER in cardiac vs. NCCP on cardiac chest pain |
| Kisley |
1997 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Prognosis after discharge after first admission with acute chest pain |
| Klingerman |
2011 |
cross-sectional study |
Rule out cardiovascular disease. No diagnostic study for NCCP |
| Klopocka |
2005 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Only 24 patients with NCCP |
| Klopocka |
2005 |
cohort, prospective |
Same study under different titles |
| Koop |
2005 |
journal article |
GERD. No diagnostic study in NCCP |
| Kumarathurai |
2008 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. |
| Kushner |
1992 |
cross-sectional study |
small sample: n = 27. Presence of panic disorders in relatives. |
| Lacy |
2009 |
cross-sectional study |
Prevalence study |
| Lam |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic procedure. Only patients included that chest pain was reproduced during the investigation |
| Lanzarini |
1994 |
cross-sectional study |
Description of findings in dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with positive exercise stress test and negative coronar angiography including ergonovine stress test. |
| Lauenbjerg |
1997 |
observational |
No diagnostic study. Long term prognosis in patients with NCCP of various etiologies |
| Lee |
2011 |
randomised clinical trial |
Conference proceeding. No diagnostic study |
| Lee |
2005 |
cross-sectional study |
Prevalence study |
| Lehtola |
2010 |
randomised, controlled trial |
Treatment outcome (manipulation, acupuncture vs. placebo. No diagnostic study |
| Lessard |
2012 |
|
Patients with NCCP with Panic disorders. Two different interventions, no diagnostic study |
| Lien |
2011 |
cohort, prospective |
NCCP not investigated |
| Lin |
2004 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. GERD symptoms and underlying conditions. Differences between women and men |
| Liu |
2006 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP patients. Correlation analysis between psychological factors and findings |
| Lopez Gaston |
1994 |
cross-sectional study |
Only esophageal pain investigated not NCCP |
| Lopez Gaston |
1994 |
cross-sectional study |
Same study under different titles |
| Lopez Gaston |
1994 |
cross-sectional study |
Same study under different titles |
| Loten |
2009 |
observational |
No diagnostic study. Adverse outcome / prognosis of mixed patient population |
| Lyer |
2009 |
retrospective review |
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Presentation and findings. No diagnostic study |
| MacPherson |
2007 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Survey of patients after ER diagnosis NCCP about interest in acupuncture |
| Maev |
2007 |
randomised clinical trial |
Conference proceeding |
| Maev |
2007 |
randomised clinical trial |
Same study under different titles |
| Makk |
2000 |
experimental |
Experimental study. No diagnostic study. Comparison of acid infusion and cardiac vs. non-cardiac chest pain. Small sample |
| Manchikanti |
2003 |
observational |
No NCCP. Medial branch blocks for musculoskeletal pain |
| Manterola |
2004 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Clinical presentation of patients with NCCP |
| Martina |
1997 |
cross-sectional study |
All patients presenting in primary care. NCCP not as subgroup investigated |
| Matthews |
2005 |
Meta-analysis |
Meta-analysis for PPI-Trial |
| Mayou |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Comparison of NCCP vs. IHD patients |
| Mayou |
2002 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. One year follow-up in comparison to cardiac chest pain. Comparison of costs to the CVD patients |
| Mearin |
1998 |
cohort study, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Change of habits during manometry |
| Mehta |
1995 |
experimental |
No reference test as “true positive” defined. |
| Mendelson |
1997 |
cohort, prospective |
Reference test are cancer patients. Comparison of Szintigraphy for the diagnosis of costochondritis |
| Mitchell |
2006 |
cross-sectional study |
Prevalence of risk factors and pretest probability |
| Miniati |
1999 |
cross-sectional study |
no NCCP. Pulmonary embolism |
| Miniati |
2001 |
cross-sectional study |
no NCCP. Pulmonary embolism |
| Miniati |
2003 |
cross-sectional study |
no NCCP. Prediction model for pulmonary embolism |
| Mujica |
2001 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study in patients. Healthy volunteers |
| Mulero |
1999 |
cross-sectional study |
Small sample (n = 24). No reference test. Descriptive findings in SPECT |
| Munk |
2008 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Risk of death in patients with unexplained chest pain |
| Nanbu |
1997 |
cross-sectional study |
Focus on difference between IHD and NCCP patients. Valdity of the medical interview for patients with NCCP |
| Nasr |
2010 |
experimental |
Experimental study. |
| Nasr |
2010 |
experimental |
Same study under different titels |
| Nellemann |
2000 |
experimental |
Small sample (n = 5 with chest pain) |
| Nevitt |
1999 |
secondary analysis of an RCT |
No NCCP. Vertebral fracture |
| Nikolic |
2010 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Comparison of NCCP to IHD patients |
| Nilsson |
2003 |
cross-sectional study |
Prevalence of Diagnosis of IHD in primary care. |
| Okada |
1993 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. Provocation of myocardial ischemia by hyperventilation |
| Oliver |
1999 |
cross-sectional study |
CT in acute non-cardiac chest pain. No reference. Description of diagnoses found. |
| Pandak |
2002 |
cross-sectional study |
duplicate of the study included in the analysis |
| Panju |
1996 |
observational |
No diagnostic study. Patients prognosis after discharge |
| Paterson |
1993 |
cohort, prospective |
exclude, small sample |
| Paterson |
1995 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Description of finding in balloon distention NCCP in comparison to other pain patients |
| Paterson |
1996 |
cross-sectional study |
Not enough information to populate a two by two table. Small sample (n = 23) |
| Porter-Moffitt |
2006 |
cross-sectional study |
Small sample (Chest pain n = 34). Comparison of findings to other pain diagnosis. |
| Rasmussen |
2009 |
cohort, prospective |
No NCCP. Complex regional pain syndrome |
| Robertson |
2008 |
cross-sectional study |
Comparison of psychological morbidity in cardiac vs. Non-cardiac chest pain |
| Rosano |
1996 |
randomised clinical trial |
No diagnostic study. Treatment of 17-beta-estradiol patches compared to placebo on NCCP in postmenopausal women |
| Ratnaike |
1993 |
retrospective review |
No diagnostic study. Audit for IHD |
| Rate |
1999 |
experimental |
healthy volunteers |
| Rencoret |
2006 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Prevalence of esophageal disorders in patients with NCCP compared to other GI diseases |
| Repasky |
2005 |
validation |
ED chest pain pathway |
| Rokkas |
1992 |
cross-sectional study |
Not enough information to populate the two by two table |
| Rose |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
No diagnostic study. Does esophageal testing prevent persistence of symptoms? No control group |
| Rose |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
Same study under different titles |
| Rosengren |
2008 |
Editorial |
Editorial |
| Rousset |
2011 |
retrospective review |
No NCCP. Catammenial pneumothorax and endometriosis-related pneumothorax |
| Ruigomez |
2004 |
cohort study |
No diagnostic study. Description of risk factors, incidence and comorbidities |
| Sakata |
1996 |
cross-sectional study |
No reference test. Description of homeostasis and fibrinolysis in patients with coronary artery spasm. Not sure only NCCP patients |
| Sakamoto |
2011 |
cross-sectional study |
Acute chest pain, rule out aortic dissection or pulmonary embolism |
| Salles |
2011 |
cohort, retrospective |
No diagnostic study: SAPHO syndrome, clinical characteristics. |
| Sanchis |
2008 |
cross-sectional study |
clinical risk profile of patients with acute chest pain without ST-segment deviation or troponin elevation |
| Scarinci |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
No NCCP. Women with GERD clinical presentation |
| Schima |
1992 |
cohort, prospective |
Small sample (n = 4 NCCP) |
| Schima |
1992 |
cohort, prospective |
Same study under different titles |
| Schmidt |
2002 |
cross-sectional study |
No NCCP. General pain patients |
| Schmulson |
2004 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Shahid |
2005 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Prensentation of young adults with chest pain |
| Shapiro |
2006 |
|
No NCCP patients. Functional heart burn (pH Man normal) vs. NERD (ph manometry pathologic) incl. psychometric profile). |
| Sharma |
2010 |
experimental |
healthy volunteers |
| Shelby |
2009 |
randomized clinical trial |
Same sample as 210 and 217. Description of psychological factors at baseline. |
| Sigurdsson |
2009 |
retrospective review |
Retrospective analysis of lung biopsy. No NCCP group |
| Singh |
1993 |
retrospective review |
duplicate of the included study |
| Smith |
2000 |
retrospective review |
Feasibility study based on records in a chiropractic clinic. |
| Smout |
1992 |
experimental |
experimental. Small sample (n = 10) |
| Sobralske |
2005 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Spencer |
2006 |
observational |
No NCCP. GI patients long term outcome |
| Sporer |
2007 |
cross-sectional study |
Rule out cardiovascular disease. No diagnostic study for NCCP |
| Stahl |
1994 |
cohort, prospective |
Small sample (n = 13 NCCP patients) |
| Steurer |
2010 |
Metaanalysis |
clinical value of diagnostic instruments to rule out IHD |
| Stochkendahl |
2008 |
randomised clinical trial |
Study protocol |
| Stochkendahl |
2012 |
randomised, controlled trial |
No diagnostic study. Treatment outcome |
| Stochkendahl |
2012 |
randomised, controlled trial |
No diagnostic study. Same study as previous. Treatment outcome 1 year follow-up |
| Stollman |
1997 |
cross-sectional study |
Small sample (n = 14 patients) |
| Taylor |
2002 |
cross-sectional study |
Rule out strategy cardiovascular patients. No diagnostic study in NCCP |
| Taniguchi |
2009 |
cross-sectional study |
Chest pain in asthma. Treatment response to bronchodilatators |
| Tew |
1995 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study. Outcome cardiovascular patients |
| Tougas |
2001 |
experimental |
Experimental. Autonomic reaction to acid infusion in NCCP patients (n = 28) compared to controls |
| Triadafilopoulos |
1997 |
cohort, prospective |
GERD patients. Description of spectrum of patients. Only a few with NCCP |
| Tutuian |
2006 |
cross-sectional study |
Not enough information to populate a two by two table in NCCP patients with esophageal spasm |
| Valdovinos |
2004 |
experimental |
No reference test. pH Bravo- capsule. Safety, efficacy and experience in 11 patients |
| Van Kleef |
1995 |
observational |
No diagnostic study. Intervention success comparison after radiofrequency lesion of the dorsal root ganglion |
| Van Peski-Oosterbaan |
1998 |
cross-sectional study |
Survey about how people are interested in psychological treatment after discharge after cardiac unit admission. Mixed patients sample. |
| van Ravensteijn |
2012 |
systematic review |
Diagnostic test efficacy in various pain patients |
| Varia |
2000 |
randomised, controlled trial |
No diagnostic study. Comparison efficacy Sertraline vs. Placebo. |
| Vent |
2010 |
journal article |
dysphagia cause of chest pain |
| Verdon |
2010 |
observational |
Chest pain early diagnostic guess accuracy in GP’s |
| Vermeltfoort |
2009 |
cross-sectional study |
Mixed patient sample with cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain |
| Volpicelli |
2008 |
cohort, prospective |
Pleural sonography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism |
| Wang |
2011 |
cross-sectional study |
Conference proceeding |
| Watkins |
2011 |
journal article |
Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia |
| Weiner |
2006 |
journal article |
Cardiac markers in low-risk patients. No study |
| Weingarten |
1993 |
cross-sectional study |
No diagnostic study for NCCP. Reduction of length of stay by complying the guidelines |
| White |
2011 |
cross-sectional study |
no diagnostic study. Prevalence |
| Wong |
2002 |
cohort, prospective |
no comparison to a reference test. Descriptive information only. |
| Wulsin |
2002 |
randomised clinical trial |
no diagnostic study. Treatment of paroxetine vs. usual care |
| Yelland |
2010 |
review article |
Review article about atypical chest pain |
| Yu |
1997 |
cross-sectional study |
Not enough information to populate a two by two table for symptom index and the presence of GERD |
| Zalar |
1995 |
cross-sectional study |
Conference proceeding |
| Zarauza |
2003 |
observational |
No diagnostic study. Follow-up after discharge |
| Zheng |
2008 |
cross-sectional study |
Small sample (n = 27) |
| Zheng | 2008 | cross-sectional study | Same study under different title |