Table 4.

Result of estimated coefficients for vocal features for each SC type using LASSO

	Male			Female
Features	$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{1,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$$	$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{2,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$$	$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{3,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$$	$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{1,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$$	$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{2,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$$	$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{3,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$$
$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{k0}$$	0.310	−0.309	0.000	0.042	−0.157	0.116
sF0	0.081			−0.112	0.015	.
sFSTD		−0.209	0.168		−0.048	.
sI0		0.159	−0.212	−0.071	0.062	.
sISTD	0.107		−0.019			−0.040
sSPD	−0.004		0.081	0.048		−0.015
sLPR1			0.060		0.017	−0.004
sLPR2	0.197		−0.126	0.049		−0.067
sLPR3		−0.031				−0.012
sMFCC0		−0.007	0.207
sMFCC1	−0.213	0.065		−0.027		0.081
sMFCC2		−0.068	0.218	−0.071	0.001
sMFCC3	0.238		−0.127	−0.083	0.032
sMFCC4	0.124					0.020
sMFCC5		0.096	−0.105	0.012	−0.010
sMFCC6		0.170	−0.028	−0.035
sMFCC7		0.126	−0.067	−0.126	0.016
sMFCC8		0.032		0.263
sMFCC9		−0.119		0.215	−0.038
sMFCC10		−0.099	0.146
sMFCC11	0.109	−0.074		−0.032		0.027
sMFCC12			0.046	−0.099		0.126

$${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{1,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$$

, ${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{2,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$, and ${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{3,\mathit{lasso}}\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)$ represent result of estimated coefficients via LASSO for each SC group, TE, SE, and SY, respectively, where ${\lambda }^{\text{'}}=e^{log\left({\lambda }^{\text{'}}\right)}$, chosen from the result of ten-fold cross validation. The shrinkage coefficients to zero are annotated with ‘.’.