Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample studied (n=967)
| Variable | Category | Number of cases | Percentage of the sample |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean 49.6±13.8, rank 18–87) | 18–30 | 99 | 10.2 |
| 30–45 | 262 | 27.1 | |
| 45–60 | 406 | 42.0 | |
| 60–75 | 169 | 17.5 | |
| >75 | 30 | 3.1 | |
| Sex | Male | 358 | 37.1 |
| Female | 608 | 62.9 | |
| Educational level | Can read and write | 88 | 9.1 |
| Primary | 334 | 34.5 | |
| Secondary | 359 | 37.1 | |
| University | 186 | 19.2 | |
| ICD-10 diagnosis | Schizophrenia | 179 | 18.5 |
| Bipolar disorder | 118 | 12.2 | |
| Depressive disorder | 462 | 47.8 | |
| Anxiety disorders | 160 | 16.5 | |
| Personality disorders | 30 | 3.1 | |
| Other diagnoses | 18 | 1.9 | |
| History of psychiatric admissions (59.6% involuntary) | No | 641 | 66.3 |
| 1 | 121 | 12.5 | |
| 2 | 68 | 7.0 | |
| 3 | 51 | 5.3 | |
| ≥4 | 86 | 8.9 | |
| Psychiatrists, n (mean 2.7±2.0, rank 1–15) | 1 | 323 | 33.4 |
| 2 | 259 | 26.8 | |
| 3 | 147 | 15.2 | |
| 4 | 79 | 8.2 | |
| ≥5 | 159 | 16.3 | |
| Psychotropic drugs (mean 2.9±1.4 drugs, rank 0–8, polypharmacy 86.2%) | No drugs | 21 | 2.2 |
| One drug | 128 | 13.2 | |
| Two drugs | 260 | 26.9 | |
| Three drugs | 246 | 25.4 | |
| Four drugs | 172 | 17.8 | |
| Five or more drugs | 140 | 14.5 | |
| Treatment | Antidepressants | 667 | 69.0 |
| Tricyclics | 33 | 3.4 | |
| SSRIs | 502 | 51.9 | |
| SNRIs | 340 | 35.2 | |
| Benzodiazepines | 763 | 79.0 | |
| Antipsychotics | 327 | 33.8 | |
| Conventional | 48 | 5.0 | |
| Atypical | 315 | 32.6 | |
| Mood stabilizers | 275 | 28.4 | |
| Anticholinergics | 43 | 4.4 | |
| MMAS-8, (mean 6.3±1.6, rank 0.5–8) | Low adherence (<6) | 269 | 28.3 |
| Medium adherence (6–<8) | 444 | 46.8 | |
| High adherence (= 8) | 236 | 24.9 | |
| CPS, preferred role | |||
| Active | Active–active | 11 | 1.1 |
| Active–collaborative | 54 | 5.6 | |
| Collaborative | Collaborative–active | 23 | 2.4 |
| Collaborative–passive | 602 | 62.3 | |
| Passive | Passive–collaborative | 246 | 25.4 |
| Passive–passive | 31 | 3.2 | |
| CPS, experienced role | |||
| Active | Active–active | 0 | 0.0 |
| Active–collaborative | 3 | 0.3 | |
| Collaborative | Collaborative–active | 4 | 0.4 |
| Collaborative–passive | 208 | 21.5 | |
| Passive | Passive–collaborative | 487 | 50.4 |
| Passive–passive | 265 | 27.4 | |
Abbreviations: ICD, International Classification of Diseases; SNRIs, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; SSRIs, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors; CPS, Control Preference Scale; MMAS-8, eight-item self-report Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.