Table 1. Characteristics of men and women, with and without EDS*.
| Women | Men | |||||||
| All | No | Yes* | p | All | No | Yes* | P | |
| N = 1066 | n = 920 | n = 146 | n = 911 | n = 789 | n = 122 | |||
| Body composition | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 51.0(34.6–65.6) | 50.8(34.4–65.9) | 51.6(38.5–64.3) | 0.44 | 59.6(45.9–72.8 | 58.7(44.9–71.6) | 66.3(52.3–80.4) | <0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 162. 1(157.8–167.0) | 162.0(157.8–167.0) | 162.9(157.0–166.9) | 0.80 | 174.9(170.1–179.6) | 175.1(170.6–179.7) | 173.1(168.0–178.5) | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.3(61.4–80.8) | 68.6(61.0–80.2) | 73.6(63.1–83.0) | <0.01 | 82.8(74.6–92.8) | 82.6(74.7–93.0) | 83.4(72.9–94.1) | 0.74 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3(23.4–30.9) | 26.1(23.3–30.5) | 27.9(24.4–32.7) | <0.01 | 27.2(24.7–29.6) | 27.0(24.7–29.6) | 27.9(25.3–30.4) | 0.06 |
| BMI groups1 | <0.01 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Normal | 427(40.1%) | 383(41.6%) | 44(30.1%) | 248(27.3%) | 220(27.9%) | 28 (23.0%) | ||
| Overweight | 639(60.0%) | 537(54.4%) | 102(69.7%) | 458(50.3%) | 398(50.5%) | 60 (49.2%) | ||
| Obese | 308(28.9%) | 252(27.4%) | 56(38.4%) | 204(22.4%) | 170(21.6%) | 34 (27.9%) | ||
| Waist circumferencetotal (cm) | 86.0 (77.0–97.0) | 85.0(76.6–97.0) | 89.0(81.5–100.0) | <0.01 | 97.8(90.2–105.0) | 97.0(90.0–105.0) | 100.0(91.0–108.3) | 0.03 |
| Waist circumference(obese) | ||||||||
| ≥102 cm (men) | – | – | – | 318(35.0%) | 264(33.5%) | 54 (44.3%) | 0.02 | |
| ≥88 cm (women) | 483(46.2%) | 404(44.9%) | 79(54.5%) | 0.03 | – | – | – | – |
| Lean mass (g) | 39275(36364–42555) | 39188(36215–42504) | 39831(37154–42958) | 0.09 | 57138(52663–62350) | 57186(52821–62339) | 56093(51872–62398) | 0.42 |
| % lean mass | 56.7(51.6–62.8) | 57.1(51.8–62.9) | 55.2(51.1–61.6) | 0.09 | 68.4(64.4–72.8) | 69.0(64.5–73.0) | 67.4(64.1–72.3) | 0.15 |
| Fat mass (g) | 26759(20140–35686) | 26172(19900–35337) | 29752(22676–37725) | 0.03 | 22962(18008–28688) | 22667(18010–28448) | 24518(17825–29777) | 0.16 |
| % body fat | 39.6(33.2–45.0) | 39.1(33.1–45.0) | 41.1(34.8–45.7) | 0.12 | 27.6(23.2–32.1) | 27.4(23.1–32.0) | 29.1(23.9–32.5) | 0.11 |
| % BMC | 3.7(3.4–4.2) | 3.7(3.4–4.2) | 3.7(3.4–4.1) | 0.45 | 3.8(3.4–4.1) | 3.8(3.4–4.1) | 3.7 (3.2–4.0) | 0.01 |
| Energy intake (kJ) | 6322(5068–7870) | 6261(5044–7825) | 6617(5390–8121) | 0.08 | 428(77–1045) | 453(91–1057) | 293 (36–841) | 0.02 |
| Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||
| Systolic | 124.0(112.0–136.0) | 123.0(112.0–135) | 126.0(116.0–139.0) | 0.11 | 138.0(128.0–151.0) | 138.0(128.0–151.0) | 140.0(127.0–152.0) | 0.94 |
| Diastolic | 76.0(68.0–83.0) | 76.0(68.0–83.0) | 76.0(68.0–84.0) | 0.36 | 83.0(76.0–89.0) | 83.0(76.0–90.0) | 81.0(73.0–88.0) | 0.07 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||||
| Smoking (current) | 150(14.1%) | 134(14.6%) | 16(11.0%) | 0.11 | 99(10.9%) | 90(11.4%) | 9 (7.4%) | 0.20 |
| Physically active | 830(77.9%) | 725(78.9%) | 105(71.9%) | 0.06 | 654(71.8%) | 567(71.9%) | 87 (71.3%) | 0.90 |
| Alcohol intake (g/d) | 2.7(0.3–11.9) | 3.1(0.3–12.0) | 1.6(0.3–10.5) | 0.13 | 12.1(2.1–28.7) | 12.9(2.5–30.0) | 8.0 (1.0–27.0) | 0.02 |
| Medication use | ||||||||
| Antidepressant | 132(12.4%) | 110(12.0%) | 22(15.1%) | 0.30 | 65(7.1%) | 51(6.5%) | 14 (11.5%) | 0.05 |
| Sedative | 27(2.5%) | 25(2.7%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0.57 | 10(1.1%) | 10(100%) | 0 (−) | 0.21 |
| Diabetic status | 65(6.1%) | 48(5.2%) | 17(11.6%) | <0.01 | 43(4.7%) | 37 (4.7%) | 6 (4.9%) | 0.91 |
| Health status(current) | 0.03 | 0.44 | ||||||
| Excellent | 165(15.5%) | 146(13.7%) | 19(1.8%) | 119(13.1%) | 109(12.0%) | 10 (1.1%) | ||
| Very good | 455(42.7%) | 401(37.7%) | 54(5.1%) | 398(43.7%) | 344(37.8%) | 54 (5.9%) | ||
| Good | 321(30.1%) | 271(25.4%) | 50(4.7%) | 302(33.2%) | 258(28.4%) | 44 (4.8%) | ||
| Fair | 104(9.8%) | 88(8.3%) | 16(1.5%) | 77(8.5%) | 66 (7.3%) | 11 (1.2%) | ||
| Poor | 20(1.9%) | 13(1.2%) | 7 (0.7%) | 14(1.5%) | 11 (1.2%) | 3 (0.3%) | ||
| Socioeconomic status (current) | 0.20 | 0.79 | ||||||
| Quintile 1(most disadvantaged) | 169(15.9%) | 140(13.2%) | 29(2.7%) | 149(16.4%) | 127(13.9%) | 22 (2.4%) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 225(21.2%) | 202(19.0%) | 23(2.2%) | 181(19.9%) | 160(17.6%) | 21 (2.3%) | ||
| Quintile 3 | 242(22.8%) | 204(19.2%) | 38(3.6%) | 175(19.2%) | 153(16.8%) | 22. (2.4%) | ||
| Quintile 4 | 209(19.7%) | 178(16.8%) | 31(2.9%) | 200(22.0%) | 169(18.6%) | 31 (3.4%) | ||
| Quintile 5 | 217(20.4%) | 192(18.1%) | 25(2.4%) | 206(22.61%) | 180(19.8%) | 26 (2.9%) | ||
Values are given as median (interquartile range), mean (±standard deviation) or n (%).
*EDS = ESS score ≥10.
BMI groups: Normal = BMI <25 kg/m2, Overweight = BMI ≥25–<30 kg/m2, Obese = BMI ≥30 kg/m2.