Table 3. Odds ratios for health-related behaviours of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS participants.

Health-related behaviour	Total groups	Girls	Boys		12 years	16 years
	OR (95% CI) a	OR (95% CI) b	OR (95% CI) b	P d	OR (95% CI) b	OR (95% CI) b	ΔOR per year (95% CI) b
	P c	P c	P c		P c	P c	P e
Frequency of physical activity
≤2 times/week vs. ≥3 times/week	1.56 (1.30; 1.88)	1.36 (1.04; 1.79)	1.75 (1.36; 2.25)	0.172	1.55 (1.07; 2.25)	1.54 (1.26; 1.88)	1.00 (0.90; 1.10)
	<0.001	0.026	<0.001		0.020	<0.001	0.959
Duration of physical activity f
>0–<7 hours/week vs. ≥7 hours/week	1.55 (1.26; 1.91)	1.33 (0.94; 1.87)	1.57 (1.19; 2.05)	0.438	1.25 (0.83; 1.90)	1.59 (1.26; 2.01)	1.06 (0.95; 1.19)
	<0.001	0.105	0.001		0.283	<0.001	0.313
Active smoking
Yes vs. no	0.31 (0.23; 0.42)	0.24 (0.14; 0.42)	0.33 (0.19; 0.55)	0.320	0.25 (0.11; 0.59)	0.30 (0.22; 0.41)	1.05 (0.87; 1.27)
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		0.002	<0.001	0.626
Passive smoking
>1 time/week vs. ≤1 time/week	0.29 (0.23; 0.36)	0.37 (0.26; 0.52)	0.24 (0.17; 0.34)	0.061	0.32 (0.19; 0.55)	0.28 (0.22; 0.36)	0.97 (0.85; 1.11)
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001	<0.001	0.641
Television
≥3 hours/day vs. ≤2 hours/day	0.68 (0.54; 0.87)	0.60 (0.42; 0.86)	0.71 (0.48; 1.04)	0.503	0.59 (0.34; 1.002)	0.70 (0.54; 0.90)	1.04 (0.91; 1.20)
	0.002	0.006	0.075		0.051	0.006	0.539
Computer
≥3 hours/day vs. ≤2 hours/day	2.51 (2.01; 3.13)	3.89 (2.71; 5.59)	1.51 (1.09; 2.09)	<0.001	1.80 (1.09; 2.96)	2.93 (2.33; 3.69)	1.13 (0.998; 1.28)
	<0.001	<0.001	0.014		0.021	<0.001	0.055

^aEstimated from separate logistic regression models including study group, age, sex, migration background, socio-economic status, region of residence, and weight status.

^bEstimated from separate logistic regression model including study group, age, sex, terms for study group by sex and study group by age interactions, migration background, socio-economic status, region of residence, and weight status.

^cP-value (Wald-χ²-Test); ^d P-value (Wald-χ²-Test) for comparison sex-specific odds ratios (corresponding to testing of study group by sex interaction).

^eP-value (Wald-χ²-Test) for testing ΔOR per year (relative change in OR per year, corresponding to testing of study group by age interaction).

^fPhysically inactive youths were excluded.