Skip to main content
. 2014 Nov 10;9(11):e112554. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112554

Table 2. Properties of the films formulations with different contents of ERP and CNCs.

FilmFormulations Aw M (%) TPC (mg AG/gof film) WVP×10−8(gH2O.µg/m2.h.mmHg) Mechanical properties
E (Mpa) σ (Mpa) ε (%)
C0 0.522±0.002 11,01±0,97 0.00 4.16±0.07 107.20±9.43 3.70±0.34 68.00±5.67
C1 0.462±0.002 10,61±0,67 0.00 1.86±0.06 296.20±14.86 7.80±0.45 22.80±5.22
C2 - - - 1.00–1.50 102.0–240.0 6.9–16.0 100.0–800.0
F1 0.487±0.004 10,23±1,09 68.42±1.09 2.43±0.02 217.80±32.51 5.40±0.89 52.80±6.10
F2 0.441±0.003 9,55±0,98 64.53±0.41 1.77±0.04 257.20±44.06 6.20±0.84 46.80±5.02
F3 0.488±0.004 10,08±0,73 86.32±0.48 2.47±0.01 190.80±42.76 4.40±0.55 54.00±7.35
F4 0.439±0.006 10,43±1,49 83.68±0.39 1.77±0.03 264.00±38.12 6.00±1.41 48.80±8.90
F5 0.466±0.003 11,46±0,91 61.28±0.56 2.42±0.03 221.40±19.51 5.20±0.84 52.00±8.60
F6 0.471±0.009 10,75±0,67 98.33±0.44 1.95±0.03 237.00±34.66 5.40±0.55 50.00±7.35
F7 0.494±0.004 10,09±1,07 83.24±0.97 3.10±0.07 122.40±8.73 4.00±0.71 66.00±6.93
F8 0.438±0.002 9,38±0,55 79.44±0.71 1.71±0.05 290.20±58.52 8.00±0.71 26.40±6.54
F9 a 0.464±0.001 11,27±0,76 81.15±0.78 2.06±0.03 246.60±32.44 7.20±0.84 33.20±7.69
F10 a 0.464±0.001 11,44±1,53 82.26±0.15 2.11±0.01 247.00±34.73 7.20±1.64 33.60±8.05
F11 a 0.471±0.004 11,60±1,38 82.18±0.59 2.07±0.03 246.20±15.35 7.20±1.30 33.60±9.21
a

central points; C0 = cassava starch films without propolis and cellulose nanocrystals; C1 = cassava starch films without propolis; C2 = polyethylene film [35]; Aw = water activity; M = moisture; TPC = total phenolic compounds; WVP = water vapor permeability; E = elastic modulus; σ = tensile strength; ε = elongation at break; ERP = extract of the red propolis; CNCs = licuri cellulose nanocrystals.