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. 2014 Oct 13;3(6):307–313. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.100

Table 1 . Eye care services utilization according to different independent variables, Shahroud, Iran, 2009 .

Independent variables Number No eye care visit a % (95% CI) No eye care visit in the last 5 years % (95% CI)
Predisposing variables Gender
Men 2210 10.63 (9.12–12.14) 28.82 (26.68–30.98)
Women 2974 20.50 (18.84–22.24) 32.52 (30.43–34.60)
Age
40–44 960 23.22 (20.66–25.79) 38.64 (35.58–41.71)
45–49 1386 17.46 (15.27–19.65) 31.29 (28.39–34.20)
50–54 1284 14.10 (12.18–16.02) 26.93 (24.46–29.39)
55–59 954 11.74 (9.55–13.93) 25.58 (22.68–28.48)
60–64 600 14.66 (11.87–17.45) 34.94 (31.14–38.73)
Education
Illiterate 426 30.99 (26.53–35.44) 43.56 (38.47–48.65)
Primary school 2593 19.13 (17.38–20.88) 33.53 (31.21–35.84)
Guidance school 481 12.27 (8.98–15.56) 28.27 (23.90–32.64)
High school 1143 11.02 (9.24–12.81) 26.96 (24.24–29.68)
College 541 6.10 (4.00–8.20) 19.41 (15.71–23.11)
Enabling variables Economic status
High 2376b 9.93 (8.58–11.28) 24.87 (22.78–26.97)
Middle 1433 18.42 (16.45–20.39) 33.50 (30.99–36.00)
Low 1373 25.20 (22.54–27.86) 38.53 (35.39–41.67)
Insurance status
Insured 4790c 15.17 (13.89–16.47) 29.71 (27.97–31.45)
Not insured 282 31.91 (26.12–37.71) 46.81 (40.35–53.27)
Need variable Presenting vision
<0.30 LogMar 4838b 15.79 (14.48–17.11) 29.83 (28.09–31.56)
≥0.30 LogMar 344 23.84 (19.23–28.44) 45.64 (40.37–50.91)

CI=Confidence Interval; a=No eye examination by optometrist or ophthalmologist; b=Data were available for 5,182 participants; c=Data were available for 5,072 participants