Figure 4. Comparisons of the force data obtained on smooth rods of two different diameters.

(a–b). Forces of different manipulations are compared for each diameter. (c–f). Forces on the different diameters are separately compared for each manipulation. The drawings of the beetle legs indicate the manipulation status: intact (c), removed spurs (d), removed claws (e), and both structures removed (f). We tested ten intact beetles on each stick, ten beetles with removed spurs, five beetles with removed claws, and nine beetles with both spurs and claws removed. With each beetle we performed five runs.