Figure 5. Comparisons of the traction force data obtained on tethered beetles walking on the flat rough surface (a) and the flat smooth surface (b).

In both diagrams the forces are sorted by the manipulation status, which is indicated by the drawings of the beetle legs: intact, removed spurs, removed claws, and both structures removed. In the case of the intact animals in (b), the median is equivalent to the 1^st quartile, in the case of completely ablated animals, it is equivalent to the 3^rd quartile. On the rough surface, ten intact beetles were tested, five beetles without spurs, five without claws, and nine without both spurs and claws. On the smooth substrate, we tested four beetles in each ablation situation. With each beetle we performed five runs.