Table 3.

Overview of stages used within the HIA and HiAP approaches

New South Wales: Health Impact Assessment	South Australia: Health in All Policies
	1. Engage
	• Develop relationship and discuss process, ensuring flexibility to cater to partners’ needs, with a focus on co-benefits.
	• Identify/clarify contextual issues.
	• Negotiate and agree on policy focus, taking political priorities into account.
1. Screening	• Identify resources.
• Identify elements of the proposal that could have an effect on health.	• Plan work and determine processes.
	• Establish evaluation criteria.
• Decide whether to pursue the process.
2. Scoping
• Decide on what, who, with, how and when the analysis will be performed.
• Ensure focus is directed towards groups most at risk of being disadvantaged.
3. Identification/Analysis	2. Gather evidence
• Review of the scientific literature.	• Undertake evidence gathering phase, using both qualitative and quantitative methods.
• Undertake consultation with experts and target population.	• Joint exploration and discussion.
• Make investigation and analysis.	• Reconcile perspectives.
	• Collaboratively shape conclusions and recommendations.
4. Recommendations and reporting	3. Generate
• Develop recommendations to reduce potential negative impacts and maximise positive effects on health, with a focus on improving health and equity as the drivers for these recommendations.	• Produce report and final recommendations, which are tailored to suit the relevant political and fiscal environments.
• Report on the process, findings and recommendations.	• Test ‘product’.
	4. Navigate
	• Navigate final report and recommendations through decision making processes and Government hierarchy, while emphasising co-benefits.
	• Provide briefings and presentations and organise necessary meetings.
	• Department of Health and partner agency Chief Executive to sign off.
	• Report to Cabinet task group Senior Officers Group.
5. Evaluation	5. Evaluate
• Review HIA process for improvement.	• Employ an external agency to evaluate project process, impact and outcomes and to identify process improvements.
• Evaluate actual policy or project impact if possible after 12 months where possible. In practice this is often difficult due to funding constraints.
	• This is intended after all HLA projects, however, funding constraints mean that some projects may not be evaluated.