Table 1.
Genes differing by 2-fold or more expression between Ag and Ag + Ant treatment
| Gene | Fold change | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOS |
5.58 |
Immediate early gene transcription factor, up-regulated in response to extracellular signals like chemokines and cytokines |
|
| CCL3L1 |
5.07 |
Codes for protein (Mip-1α) that binds CCR5 and caused internalization of CCR5, preventing HIV entry |
[34,35] |
| IL8 |
4.81 |
Inflammatory cytokine produced by T cells, cell chemoattractant |
|
| EGR2 |
4.75 |
Early growth response protein, responsible for regulation cell activation, overexpression leads to inhibition of T cell activation |
[36] |
| NR4A2 |
4.62 |
Involved in T cell homeostasis |
|
| NR4A3 |
4.33 |
Involved in T cell homeostasis |
|
| DUSP2 |
3.83 |
Phosphatase that inactivate MAP kinase cascade, negatively regulate proliferation and differentiation |
[37,38] |
| CSF2 |
3.49 |
Cell growth factor |
|
| TNFSF9 |
3.26 |
TNF superfamily trans-membrane glycoprotein expressed on activated T cells |
|
| MAP3K8 |
2.97 |
Activates MAP and JNK kinase pathways and induces NF-κB, promotes TNF-α and IL-2 during T cell activation |
[39,40] |
| TNF |
2.96 |
Pro-inflammatory cytokine |
|
| CD69 |
2.94 |
Early inducible surface glycoprotein, functions as signal transducing receptor |
|
| EGR1 |
2.85 |
Early growth response protein, enhances T cell function |
[36] |
| SPRY1 |
2.77 |
Inhibits TCR signaling in differentiated cells, enhances TCR signaling in naïve cells |
[41] |
| IFNG |
2.71 |
Pro-inflammatory cytokine, antiviral and immunoregulatory functions |
|
| TAGAP |
2.63 |
Rho GTPase activating protein, role in T cell activation |
|
| FOSB |
2.62 |
Proteins that dimerize with JUN, form AP-1 transcription complex, role in proliferation and differentiation |
[42] |
| CCL3 |
2.48 |
Pro-inflammatory cytokine (MIP-1α), natural ligand for CCR5 |
[43] |
| BTG2 |
2.47 |
Negative regulator of cell cycle |
[44] |
| GADD45B |
2.44 |
Increased levels observed following cell stress, inhibit cell growth |
[45] |
| CCL3L3 |
2.44 |
Cytokine involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory process, can bind to CCR5, inhibits HIV entry |
[34,35] |
| NR4A1 |
2.27 |
Can block activation through NF-κB, |
[46] |
| PDCD1 |
2.23 |
Negatively regulates TCR signals |
[47] |
| EGR4 |
2.17 |
Interacts with NF-κB, controls transcription of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines including IL-2 |
[48] |
| ZFP36 |
2.1 |
Binds to 3’-UTR of some cytokines and promotes their degradation |
[49] |
| PTGS2 |
2.09 |
Cox-2 has been shown to be Involved in Th1 differentiation |
|
| NFKBID |
2.03 |
Member of NF-κB inhibitor family |
|
| FASLG |
2.02 |
FAS-FASL binding is involved in T-cell homeostasis |
|
| FAM53C |
2.00 |
Unknown function |
|
| GJB2 |
-2.13 |
Gap junction beta-2 protein |
|
| HBB |
-2.20 |
Haemoglobin beta subunit |
|
| SPDEY9P |
-2.25 |
Speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member E9 |
|
| CCR7 | -2.28 | G-protein coupled family receptor involved in T cell migration |
Top up-regulated genes in gene array data.
Fold change was calculated and Ag + Ant was subtracted from Ag treatment. Data were then sorted from highest to lowest. The top genes that changed from Ag compared to Ag + Ant treatment are shown. Data are presented in Log base 2.