Knockdown and knockout of ubr3 impaired the development of eye. All pictures are oriented anterior left, dorsal up. (a–c) Compared with wild type (a), RNAi-mediated knockdown of ubr3 driven by Ey-Gal4 (b and c) induces growth defect in eyes. (d and e) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of adult eyes in ubr3 knockout mutant. Eye phenotypes were generated by virtue of EGUF/hid method.26 (d) FRT19A line was used as a control. (f) Ubr3 staining is greatly reduced in the dorsal compartment of the eye imaginal disc expressing ubr3 RNAi driven by Mirr-Gal4. (g-g') Ubr3 protein is absent in ubr3 mutant clones. Genotypes: (b) w, UAS-ubr3 RNAi 1/Ey-Gal4, (c) w,UAS-ubr3 RNAi 2/Ey-Gal4, (d) FRT19A/yw,GMR-Hid, FRT19A;+/Ey-Gal4, UAS-flp, (e) w,ubr31-FRT19A/ yw,GMR-Hid, FRT19A;+/Ey-Gal4, UAS-flp, (f) w,+/UAS-ubr3 RNAi 1; +/Mirr-Gal4, (g) w, ubr31-FRT19A /hsFLP, Ubi-mRFP FRT19A