Table 1.
Significantly regulated Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in the kidney of maternal melatonin-treated offspring vs. control at different ages.
| Term | Count | % | p-Value | Benjamini | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 week old | |||||||||
| Tryptophan metabolism | 9 | 2.1 | 1.2 × 10−5 | 1.6 × 10−3 | |||||
| Pathways in cancer | 18 | 4.1 | 3.5 × 10−3 | 2.1 × 10−1 | |||||
| Focal adhesion | 13 | 3.0 | 4.7 × 10−3 | 1.9 × 10−1 | |||||
| Small cell lung cancer | 8 | 1.8 | 5.7 × 10−3 | 1.7 × 10−1 | |||||
| Vascular smooth muscle contraction | 9 | 2.1 | 9.1 × 10−3 | 2.2 × 10−1 | |||||
| PPAR signaling pathway | 7 | 1.6 | 1.0 × 10−2 | 2.0 × 10−1 | |||||
| Adherens junction | 7 | 1.6 | 1.2 × 10−2 | 2.1 × 10−1 | |||||
| Colorectal cancer | 7 | 1.6 | 1.9 × 10−2 | 2.7 × 10−1 | |||||
| Fatty acid metabolism | 5 | 1.1 | 2.3 × 10−2 | 2.9 × 10−1 | |||||
| TGF-β signaling pathway | 7 | 1.6 | 2.4 × 10−2 | 2.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Limonene and pinene degradation | 3 | 0.7 | 3.2 × 10−2 | 3.3 × 10−1 | |||||
| Pancreatic cancer | 6 | 1.4 | 3.4 × 10−2 | 3.2 × 10−1 | |||||
| Wnt signaling pathway | 9 | 2.1 | 3.5 × 10−2 | 3.1 × 10−1 | |||||
| Endocytosis | 11 | 2.5 | 3.7 × 10−2 | 3.0 × 10−1 | |||||
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 6 | 1.4 | 4.6 × 10−2 | 3.4 × 10−1 | |||||
| Axon guidance | 8 | 1.8 | 4.8 × 10−2 | 3.4 × 10−1 | |||||
| ECM-receptor interaction | 6 | 1.4 | 6.0 × 10−2 | 3.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Apoptosis | 6 | 1.4 | 7.1 × 10−2 | 4.2 × 10−1 | |||||
| Lysine degradation | 4 | 0.9 | 9.1 × 10−2 | 4.9 × 10−1 | |||||
| Melanogenesis | 6 | 1.4 | 9.2 × 10−2 | 4.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Adipocytokine signaling pathway | 5 | 1.1 | 9.7 × 10−2 | 4.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Renal cell carcinoma | 5 | 1.1 | 1.1 × 10−1 | 4.9 × 10−1 | |||||
| Glycerolipid metabolism | 4 | 0.9 | 1.1 × 10−1 | 4.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis | 7 | 1.6 | 1.1 × 10−1 | 4.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids | 3 | 0.7 | 1.3 × 10−1 | 5.2 × 10−1 | |||||
| Heparan sulfate biosynthesis | 3 | 0.7 | 1.5 × 10−1 | 5.6 × 10−1 | |||||
| ErbB signaling pathway | 5 | 1.1 | 1.8 × 10−1 | 6.3 × 10−1 | |||||
| 12 weeks old | |||||||||
| Complement and coagulation cascades | 7 | 3.2 | 3.4 × 10−4 | 3.3 × 10−2 | |||||
| Arachidonic acid metabolism | 6 | 2.8 | 2.5 × 10−3 | 1.1 × 10−1 | |||||
| Butanoate metabolism | 4 | 1.8 | 9.8 × 10−3 | 2.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 5 | 2.3 | 3.3 × 10−2 | 5.7 × 10−1 | |||||
| Nitrogen metabolism | 3 | 1.4 | 3.8 × 10−2 | 5.4 × 10−1 | |||||
| PPAR signaling pathway | 4 | 1.8 | 7.2 × 10−2 | 7.0 × 10−1 | |||||
| Chemokine signaling pathway | 6 | 2.8 | 8.2 × 10−2 | 7.0 × 10−1 | |||||
| Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies | 2 | 0.9 | 1.2 × 10−1 | 7.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Glutathione metabolism | 3 | 1.4 | 1.5 × 10−1 | 8.2 × 10−1 | |||||
| Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity | 4 | 1.8 | 1.5 × 10−1 | 8.1 × 10−1 | |||||
| Circadian rhythm | 2 | 0.9 | 1.6 × 10−1 | 8.0 × 10−1 | |||||
| 16 weeks old | |||||||||
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) | 3 | 2.4 | 1.0 × 10−1 | 1.0 × 100 | |||||
| ErbB signaling pathway | 3 | 2.4 | 1.0 × 10−1 | 9.9 × 10−1 | |||||
| Calcium signaling pathway | 4 | 3.1 | 1.1 × 10−1 | 9.8 × 10−1 | |||||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 3 | 2.4 | 1.1 × 10−1 | 9.4 × 10−1 | |||||