Figure 1.

Prepared TSCs and experimental tooth movement model. (A) ¹H NMR spectra of the comprehensive mixture of tobacco smoke components (TSCs) containing tar and nicotine. The arrow in the magnified area represents the specific spectra of nicotine; (B) Representative images of the experimental tooth movement model in the rat. (a) Intact power chain (PC). Broken-line square: part used in the animal experiments; (b,c) Macro-images obtained from occlusal and lateral views. Black arrow: PC discolored by TSC administration. White arrow: first molar (M1). PC was inserted unilaterally between the first and second molars; (d) Scheme of the sagittal two-dimensional section of PC-inserted dentition in maxillary alveolar bone. The broken line represents a plane used in the following micro-computed tomography (μCT) image and histological section in Figure 4.