Figure 1.

Effects of fucoidan on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). (A) Mouse BMMs were cultured with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), RANKL, and various concentration of fucoidan. The osteoclasts were fixed and stained for TRAP; (B) Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was measured at 405 nm, and the cells positive for both TRAP and MNC (three or more nuclei) were scored as osteoclasts (** p < 0.05); (C) Cell viability was measured for BMMs cultured in the presence of M-CSF (30 ng/mL) and various concentrations of fucoidan for 2 days. Results represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.