Table 3.

Standardized Regression Coefficients from Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of the Association Between Video Game Time and Violence Exposure and Depressive Symptoms by Race/Ethnicity and Gender After Adjusting for Covariates

					Gender
	Overall (N=4,824)				Female (n=2,446)				Male (n=2,378)
Video game time and violence exposure	β	SE	p	Cohen's d	β	SE	p	Cohen's d	β	SE	p	Cohen's d
Low time, low violence (Reference)
Low time, high violence	0.04	0.09	0.665	0.01	0.20	0.17	0.231	0.05	−0.04	0.11	0.730	−0.01
High time, low violence	0.10	0.06	0.118	0.05	0.16	0.09	0.067	0.07	0.05	0.09	0.573	0.02
High time, high violence	0.39	0.07	0.000	0.16	0.21	0.18	0.237	0.05	0.43	0.09	0.000	0.19

	Race/Ethnicity
	Hispanic (n=1,813)				African American (n=1,755)				White (n=1,256)
Low time, low violence (Reference)
Low time, high violence	−0.19	0.15	0.221	−0.06	0.39	0.16	0.018	0.12	−0.04	0.19	0.839	−0.01
High time, low violence	−0.02	0.08	0.835	−0.01	0.18	0.11	0.122	0.08	0.25	0.14	0.067	0.10
High time, high violence	0.30	0.11	0.009	0.13	0.40	0.14	0.005	0.14	0.74	0.17	0.000	0.25

Note. Results of subgroup analyses are not reported for Asian students or those categorized as having an “Other” race/ethnicity because of small sample size (n=323). Models were adjusted for peer victimization, being threatened with violence, witnessing violence, gender, race/ethnicity, family structure, aggression, and household income level. Statistically significant values are shown in bold. SE, standard error.