Table 3.

Influence of sodium bicarbonate therapy on chronic kidney disease progression.

Type of study	Patients number	Main finding	Limitations	Reference
Randomized, single center	134	Patients supplemented with oral sodium bicarbonate are less likely to experience rapid progression of kidney disease.	Serum bicarbonate level in participants was 16 to 20 mM, limiting external validity.	de Brito-Ashurst et al., 2009 [73]
Prospective	59	The rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline was slower in patients who received sodium citrate.	The control group was composed of patients that were unable to take the medication.	Phisitkul et al., 2010 [75]
Prospective, randomized, controlled	120	The rate of cystatin C-eGFR decline is slower in patients given sodium bicarbonate.	The reduction in the rate of progression is not observed using other estimates of kidney function.	Mahajan et al., 2010 [76]