Figure 10.

Validation for the effects of IQ in regulating AMPK pathway. (a) Representative western blots of AMPK, AMPK-p (and (b)), and ACC-p (and (c)). Primary rat hepatocytes were treated with FFA to induce the cells and coadministered with IQ or simvastatin for 24 hours to observe the changes in protein expression. (d) illustrates the immunofluorescence pictographs for p-AMPK expression in FFA induced primary rat hepatocytes. (e) shows the actions of IQ and AICAR on compound C blocked primary rat hepatocytes. Cells were treated with compounds C, IQ, and AICAR alone with or without the presence of FFA. Alternatively, IQ and AICAR were coadministered with compound C to draw comparisons. The data represents ±SD. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Different superscripts letters demonstrate the significant statistical difference as calculated by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test.