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. 2014 Nov 11;5:430. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00430

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of amelogenin fragments on calcium carbonate and calcium apatite crystal growth. (A–C) demonstrates the effects of three different amelogenin fragments on carbonate crystal growth, including the N-terminal 33 amino acids (N33, A), the PXX repeat region alone (PXX, B), and the PXX region augmented by the hydrophilic C-terminus (PXXC, C). (D–F) is similar to (A–C), but illustrates the effects of the same amelogenin fragments on calcium phosphate crystal growth, including the N-terminal 33 amino acids (N33, D), the PXX repeat region alone (PXX, E), and the PXX region augmented by the hydrophilic C-terminus (PXXC, F). (G) is a high magnification electron micrograph of the crystal shapes generated by the augmented PXX peptide and (H) is a similar micrograph of early stage mouse enamel crystals of 3 days postnatal mice. The measurements in (I,J) correspond to figures (D–F) and compare average apatite crystal length (I,J) width when crystals were grown in the presence of three different amelogenin-derived peptides, including N33, PXX, and PXXC. *p < 0.05.