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. 2014 Nov 11;5:430. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00430

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of polyproline repeat fragments of varying length on calcium carbonate crystal growth. Scanning electron micrographs shown here document the outcomes of calcium carbonate crystal growth studies in the presence of polyproline repeat fragments of varying lengths. (A,B) are calcium carbonate crystals grown in the presence of amelogenin, (C) using bovine serum albumin as a protein control, and (D) is without protein. In (E–G), polyproline repeat peptides of varying length from 12 to 33mer were used, and (H) is a control in which the PXX repeat was replaced by a PQA repeat. (B,I,J,K,I) are scanning electron micrographs recorded at five time higher magnification (magnification bars in D and in I). M illustrates the decrease in c-axis length and the increase in base diameter with increasing polyproline repeat length (from PXX12 to PXX33 and PQA as a control on the x-axis and crystal dimensions on the y-axis). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.