Table 4.

Pearson correlation coefficients (M, group mean; SE, standard error of the mean) for tongue movement early and late kinematics.

		Tongue
		Across vowels				Within each vowel
		A-E		V-E		A-E		V-E
		M	SE	M	SE	M	SE	M	SE
KINEMATIC VALUES
	/t/ + V	0.7284	0.0782	0.9272	0.0254	0.2376	0.1202	0.6721	0.0912
	/s/ + V	0.8323	0.0393	0.9477	0.0106	0.6109	0.0439	0.8482	0.0215
	V + /t/	0.7522	0.0972	0.9452	0.0201	0.4685	0.0779	0.8479	0.0306
	V + /s/	0.8313	0.0452	0.9703	0.0077	0.5899	0.0581	0.8452	0.0322
SPATIAL COORDINATES
Major axis	/t/ + V	0.5191	0.0955	0.8880	0.0374	0.1898	0.1476	0.7093	0.1098
Major axis	/s/ + V	0.7664	0.0581	0.9628	0.0100	0.6201	0.0496	0.9130	0.0178
Major axis	V + /t/	0.8659	0.0204	0.9835	0.0024	0.7097	0.0482	0.9328	0.0161
Major axis	V + /s/	0.7762	0.0910	0.9780	0.0046	0.5811	0.0921	0.9273	0.0119
Minor axis	/t/ + V	0.4545	0.1081	0.7563	0.0788	0.2016	0.1049	0.6259	0.0851
Minor axis	/s/ + V	0.5312	0.0888	0.8384	0.0477	0.2320	0.1334	0.8064	0.0260
Minor axis	V + /t/	0.4923	0.1171	0.7275	0.0337	0.5269	0.1033	0.7947	0.0325
Minor axis	V + /s/	0.4966	0.0813	0.8057	0.0348	0.4066	0.0642	0.7793	0.0430

In the upper 4 rows, A-E refers to the correlation between peak acceleration and extent, V-E refers to the correlation between peak velocity and extent. In the lower 8 rows, A-E refers to the correlation between spatial coordinates at peak acceleration and endpoint, V-E refers to the correlation between spatial coordinates at peak velocity and endpoint. Correlations for each subject were calculated based on all trials across three categories of vowel height or as the average of the correlation coefficients based on trials within each vowel category separately.