Table 3.
Age-adjusted univariate odds ratios for adverse birth outcomes for selected characteristics of mothers in San Bernardino County in 2007, 2008
| Low birth weight | Pre-term birth | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 N = 30,546 |
2008 N = 29,677 |
2007 N = 33,193 |
2008 N = 32,035 |
|
| Maternal tobacco use | ||||
| Never smoker | 0.56 (0.47, 0.68) | 0.54 (0.44, 0.65) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.79) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.80) |
| Smoker during pregnancy | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Smoking cessation during pregnancy | 0.57 (0.39, 0.85) | 0.72 (0.50, 1.02) | 0.69 (0.51, 0.92) | 0.69 (0.51, 0.93) |
| Maternal age | ||||
| <18 years | 1.22 (0.99, 1.52) | 1.48 (1.20, 1.82) | 1.30 (1.11, 1.53) | 1.28 (1.08, 1.52) |
| 18–<35 years | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 35 years or older | 1.25 (1.09, 1.44) | 1.45 (1.27, 1.66) | 1.33 (1.20, 1.47) | 1.34 (1.20, 1.48) |
| Mother’s race/ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.19) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.34) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.81 (1.54, 2.13) | 1.82 (1.54, 2.15) | 1.62 (1.42, 1.84) | 1.38 (1.20, 1.58) |
| Asian/Pacific islander | 1.26 (1.03, 1.54) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.54) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.40) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.19) |
| Other/multi/unknown | 0.91 (0.46, 1.80) | 1.33 (0.78, 2.27) | 0.99 (0.60, 1.63) | 1.19 (0.78, 1.81) |
| Mother’s years of education | ||||
| 0–8 years | 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.08) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) |
| 9–11 years | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.26) | 1.15 (1.04, 1.26) | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26) |
| 12 years | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 13–15 years | 0.91 (0.81, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.92) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) |
| 16 years or more | 0.84 (0.64, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.22) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98) | 0.87 (0.72, 1.07) |
| Mother’s use of WIC | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 0.95 (0.87, 1.05) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
| Trimester prenatal care began | ||||
| No prenatal care | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| First trimester | 0.34 (0.25, 0.48) | 0.32 (0.22, 0.46) | 0.24 (0.19, 0.31) | 0.25 (0.19, 0.34) |
| Second trimester | 0.35 (0.25, 0.50) | 0.39 (0.27, 0.57) | 0.30 (0.23, 0.39) | 0.32 (0.24, 0.43) |
| Third trimester | 0.31 (0.20, 0.49) | 0.25 (0.15, 0.40) | 0.29 (0.21, 0.39) | 0.30 (0.21, 0.43) |
| Primary source of payment for prenatal care | ||||
| Private insurance | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medi-Cal | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) | 1.27 (1.18, 1.37) | 1.24 (1.15, 1.34) |
| Other | 0.91 (0.73, 1.14) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.05) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19) |
| Uninsured | 1.95 (1.57, 2.42) | 1.92 (1.52, 2.43) | 2.35 (1.99, 2.76) | 2.26 (1.89, 2.71) |