Figure 13.

(a) Photograph of an operating PhC laser shown with the atomic force microscope (AFM) image of a surface of the PhC structure with lattice constants, a and b. Reproduced with permission.²³⁰ Copyright 2008, American Institute of Physics. (b) Photograph of the 410 nm lasing from the BCP-based laser is shown with a schematic of its structure. A highly directional lasing output in the backward direction was observed. Reproduced with permission.²³¹ Copyright 2006, American Chemical Society. (c1) A photograph of the laser action of the all polymer film laser shows excellent mechanical flexibility. (c2) A cross sectional SEM image shows the gain medium cavity confined by colloidal 3D PhCs. (c3) The emission spectra below and above the lasing threshold. The inset represents the high-resolution spectrum of the laser emission. Reproduced with permission.²³² (d) Reflectance spectrum of a 1D PhC comprised of 30 unit cells showing the electric field intensity profiles for four selected wavelengths within and outside the PBG. Reproduced with permission.²³³ Copyright 2012, Optical Society of America.