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Schematic illustration of various strategies to enhance the power-conversion efficiency of a single-junction PV cell. (a) Concentrators (luminescent and geometric) (b) Anode patterning for antireflection and self-cleaning and introduction of (metallic) gratings for enhanced light trapping. (c) pn-junction interface engineering for efficient exciton harvesting and for enhanced photon absorption via a PhC interface. (d) Cathode patterning.
