Table 3.

Timing and Method of Procedures to Establish Pulmonary Artery Continuity

Variable	Patients, No.	PA Occlusion	Early Death or Fontan/Glenn Takedown
Timing of connection
During BDG	21	2	1
After BDG but before Fontan completion	6	0	0
During Fontan procedure	17	3	6
After Fontan procedure	1	1	0
After a failed Fontan was taken down	2	1	0
During conversion from atriopulmonary Fontan to lateral tunnel	2	0	0
Method of connection
Surgical	46		3
Direct connection	27		0
With patch augmentation of the connection	10		0
Glutaraldehyde-fixed autologous pericardium	4		0
Expanded PTFE	3		0
Autologous PA tissue	2		0
Bovine pericardium	1		0
Tubular interposition graft	19		4
Ring-supported tube of expanded PTFE	18		4
Autologous superior vena cava graft	1		0
Transcatheter recanalization and stenting	3		0

BDG = bidirectional Glenn; PA = pulmonary artery; PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene.