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. 2014 Nov 6;8:2193–2211. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S66574

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© 2014 Ibrahim et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Fluorescent micrographs of acridine orange and propidium iodide double-stained MDA-MB-231 cells.

Notes: (A) Untreated cells showed normal structure without prominent apoptosis and necrosis. (B) EA features were seen after treatment with 5 μg/mL of AM, with intercalated acridine orange (bright green) showing among the fragmented DNA. (C) Blebbing and orange color, representing the hallmark of late apoptosis, were noticed after 10 μg/mL AM treatment. (D) SN (bright red color) was visible after treatment with 20 μg/mL of AM. (E) Percentages of viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and secondary necrotic cells after AM treatment. MDA-MB-231 cell death via apoptosis increased significantly (*P<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in the cell count of necrosis.

Abbreviations: AM, α-mangostin; BL, blebbing of the cell membrane; CC, chromatin condensation; EA, early apoptosis; LA, late apoptosis; SN, secondary necrosis; VI, viable cells.