Table 1. Clinical characteristics and MRI data.

	Parkinson’s disease	Controls	P value
N (males/females)	30 (19/11)	25 (12/13)	0.286a
Age (years)	57.6±6.8	56.2±6.5	0.289b
Disease duration (months)	19.8±12.7
UPDRS-III motor score	24.5±8.4
Hoehn-Yahr stage (I/II)	9/21
BMI (kg/m2)	24.0±3.0	24.8±2.6	0.237b
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.88±0.19	0.87±0.19	0.872b
Serum uric acid (mg/dl)	4.7±1.4	5.7±1.5	0.001c
Phase value (radian)
Frontal white matter	−0.002±0.002	−0.002±0.002	0.657c
Caudate nucleus	0.033±0.013	0.031±0.013	0.430c
Globus pallidus	0.036±0.014	0.035±0.015	0.725c
Putamen	0.018±0.012	0.014±0.008	0.260c
Thalamus	0.001±0.004	0.000±0.004	0.267c
Substantia nigra	0.050±0.023	0.035±0.020	0.001c
Red nucleus	0.061±0.023	0.052±0.026	0.226c

^a p-value is calculated from Fisher’s exact test.

^b p-value is calculated from Mann Whitney’s U-test.

^c p-value is calculated from ANCOVA with adjustment for age and gender.