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. 2014 Apr 17;592(Pt 10):2183–2196. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.268771

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of how histamine may regulate the MCH system during sleep and wakefulness.

Figure 8

During wakefulness, histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) silence MCH neurons. During NREM sleep, histaminergic neurons are inactive and do not affect MCH neurons, but NREM-active GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) keep MCH neurons silent. During REM sleep, wake-active and NREM-active neurons are silent and MCH neurons are activated by REM-active glutamatergic neurons in the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD).