Table 2.

Experiment 3. Brain Measures for the MCI and Control Groups

Region of Interest	Control Group (N=11)		MCI Group (N=11)
	Mean (SEM)		Mean (SEM)		Effect Size (MCI vs. Control)		Correlation with Retrograde Amnesia		Correlation with Anterograde Amnesia
					Cohen’s d		Pearson r		Pearson r
	VOL	THK	VOL	THK	VOL	THK	VOL	THK	VOL	THK
MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE
L Hippocampus	.229 (.010)	--	.182 (.009)	--	1.5**	--	.59†	--	.76*	--
R Hippocampus	.239 (.011)	--	.199 (.011)	--	1.1**	--	.50	--	.56†	--
Bil. Hippocampus	.468 (.021)	--	.381 (.018)	--	1.3**	--	.61*	--	.74**	--
L Parahippocampal Gyrus	.377 (.013)	2.95 (.08)	.327 (.019)	2.68 (.10)	0.9*	0.9†	.33A	−.03	.48A	.16
R Parahippocampal Gyrus	.364 (.012)	3.01 (.09)	.292 (.016)	2.65 (.12)	1.5**	1.1*	.43	.23	.17	−.14
Bil. Parahippocampal Gyrus	.742 (.023)	2.98 (.07)	.620 (.032)	2.67 (.10)	1.3**	1.1*	.41	.12	.38	.00
NEOCORTEX
L Lateral Temporal Cortex	2.525 (.077)	2.46 (.03)	2.436 (.087)	2.35 (.06)	0.3	0.7	.47	−.17	.08	.13
R Lateral Temporal Cortex	2.510 (.060)	2.52 (.02)	2.456 (.086)	2.39 (.06)	0.2	0.9*	.56†B	−.03	.08	−.07
Bil. Lateral Temporal Cortex	5.035 (.136)	2.49 (.02)	4.892 (.167)	2.37 (.05)	0.3	0.9†	.53†	−.07	.06	.03
L Inferior Parietal Lobule	.712 (.027)	2.25 (.05)	.758 (.049)	2.29 (.05)	−0.4	−0.2	.23	−.02	.35	−.03
R Inferior Parietal Lobule	.889 (.036)	2.24 (.04)	.889 (.052)	2.28 (.06)	−0.0	−0.2	.46	−.17	.36	.15
L Precuneus	.535 (.022)	2.17 (.05)	.521 (.005)	2.16 (.05)	0.2	0.0	.24	−.12	.17	.01
R Precuneus	.521 (.018)	2.11 (.04)	.537 (.023)	2.11 (.06)	−0.2	0.0	.04	−.05	−.17	.06
L Posterior Cingulate Gyrus	.328 (.011)	2.32 (.04)	.327 (.012)	2.31 (.07)	0.0	0.1	.46C	.35	−.05	.36
R Posterior Cingulate Gyrus	.317 (.013)	2.35 (.05)	.325 (.014)	2.26 (.04)	−0.2	0.6	−.10	−.22	−.38	.00
L Prefrontal Cortex	4.151 (.109)	2.36 (.03)	4.373 (.143)	2.33 (.06)	−0.5*	0.2	.19	−.30	.16	−.32
R Prefrontal Cortex	4.117 (.096)	2.35 (.03)	4.332 (.114)	2.31 (.05)	−0.6*	0.3	.17	−.27	.22	−.37
Bil. Prefrontal Cortex	8.268 (.203)	2.35 (.03)	8.704 (.276)	2.32 (.05)	−0.5	0.2D	.19	−.29	.19	−.35

Note. Means and (SEM) for volume (VOL) and thickness (THK, mm) for the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) group and the control group for 7 regions of interest (see Experiment 3: Methods). Volume measures for each region denote the percentage of total intracranial volume. Brain-behavior correlations were carried out to relate volume and thickness measures to anterograde amnesia (derived from 4 tests of new learning ability) and retrograde amnesia (derived from a test of notable news events) in the MCI group. The measure of retrograde amnesia was the extent to which the severity of retrograde amnesia was disproportionate to the severity of anterograde amnesia (see Experiment 2: Methods). Effect sizes for differences between the MCI and control groups are reported as Cohen’s d and reflect the difference between the means, in standard deviations. Effect sizes for the brain-behavior correlations are reported as Pearson r. Significant differences in the mean volume or mean thickness for the MCI group relative to controls or for brain-behavior correlations within the MCI group are: Significant effects are highlighted in bold text and the levels of significance are indicated by the symbols:

^**p < 0.01,

^*p < 0.05, and

^†p < 0.10.

^AParahippocampal Cortex was marginally significant when examined separately;

^BThe correlation was stronger (r = 0.59, p < 0.06) when the fusiform gyrus was omitted;

^CPosterior Cingulate Cortex was significant when examined separately;

^DVentrolateral Prefrontal Cortex was significant when examined separately.