Table 2.
Comparisons between non-remitter and remitter following bariatric surgery on blood glucose regulation at 12 and 24 months.
| Non-Remitter | Remitter | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Baseline | Δ 12 month | Baseline | Δ 24 month | Baseline | Δ 12 month | Baseline | Δ 24 month |
| Body Composition | ||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.5 [34.3, 3] | −8.3 [−9.7, −6.6] | 35.4[34.5,38.0] | −7.2 [−9.4, −6.2] | 37.1 [35.0, 37.7] | −9.8 [−11.2, −8.9]* | 37.5[35.4,38.8] | −10.1[−12.5, −8.1]* |
| Weight (kg) | 98.5 [86, 109.7] | −22.5 [−26, −18] | 98.9 [89.6, 109.5] | −18.5 [−28, −16.6] | 105.8 [96.7, 114] | −29.9[−34, −24.5]* | 108.9[97, 119.4] | −26.9[−38.4, −21.9]* |
| Body Fat (%) | 46.2 [42, 48.5] | −10 [−11.6, −7.6] | 44.6 [40.7, 47.6] | −7.8 [−11.0, −4.6] | 40.4 [38.7, 45.5]* | −14.4[−17, −12.6]* | 42.6[39.7, 46.1] | −10.4[−15.9, −7.8] |
| Android Fat (%) | 58 [55.4, 59.1] | −13.6 [−15, −11] | 57.1[53.5, 58.9] | −12.8 [−16.6, −8.3] | 56.9 [53.7, 60] | −18.6[−25, −16.7]* | 59.3[55.4, 60.3] | −13.3[−22.0, −11.4] |
| Glucose Regulation | ||||||||
| F-PG (mg/dl) | 184[129, 241] | −59 [−107, −29] | 196 [144.5, 232.5] | −100 [−123.5, −6] | 209 [170.5,224.5] | −127[−140, −81.5]* | 210.5 [150.5, 249.2] | −139[−170, −70] |
| F-PI (µU/ml) | 11.6[6,23.1] | −4.9[−11.3,0.6] | 14.5[7.0,25.4] | −5.7[−17.2, −1.3] | 24.6[18.5,50.0]* | −20[−39.3, −13.7]* | 22.5[17.6,51.8]* | −15.0[−44.1,10]* |
| F-C-pep (ng/ml) | 1.5[1.0,2.5] | −0.1[−0.9,0.4] | 1.9[1.1,2.6] | −0.4[−1.1,0.1] | 3.2[2.3,4.2]* | −1.4[−2.0, −0.8]* | 3.3[2.5,4.1]* | −1.8[−2.0, −1.2]* |
| F-FFA (mEq/L) | 0.6 [0.4, 0.8] | −0.0 [−0.2, 0.0] | 0.6 [0.4, 0.7] | 0.09 [−0.08, 0.2] | 0.62 [0.5, 0.74] | −0.1 [−0.2, −0.0] | 0.5 [0.5, 0.7] | −0.03 [−0.1, 0.0] |
| PG iAUC (mg/dl-2h) | 119[92.8, 141.9] | 19.1[−52.8, 77.3] | 115.3[82.5,134.2] | 24.5[−31.0, 66.6] | 87.6 [74.8, 117]* | −1.2 [−16.6, 31.2] | 88.8 [66.3, 113.6] | 6.6 [−28.9, 28.4] |
| PI iAUC (µU/ml-2h) | 16.8 [10.4, 32.2] | 38.9 [14.7, 56.8] | 19 [7.7, 34.3] | 39.6 [13.9, 71.0] | 34.1 [8.5, 46.2] | 88.7[58.1, 111]* | 34.6 [13.5, 37.4] | 71.4 [57.4, 90.4] |
| C-pep iAUC (ng/ml-2h) | 1.45 [0.67, 2.11] | 2.2 [1.6, 3.0] | 1.3 [0.6, 2.2] | 2.5 [1.3, 4.6] | 2.1 [0.7, 3.2] | 4.4 [3.9, 6.7]* | 2.1 [1.6, 3.1] | 3.6[2.5, 5.4] |
| Hepatic Extraction | 12.8 [9.4, 18.2] | −0.16[−4.0, 3.7] | 12.9[9.5,18.1] | −1.1[−3.9, 4.6] | 15.6 [12.0, 19.5] | 0.16[−5.6, 5.8] | 15.3[11.6, 20.3] | 0.8 [−3.4, 5.4] |
| Hepatic-IR | 1.9 [0.9, 3.4] | −1.0 [−2.3, −0.2] | 2.3 [1.0, 4.7] | −1.2 [−3.2, −0.2] | 5.3 [3.6, 9.1]* | −5.1 [−8.8, −3.3]* | 5.8[3.4, 8.6]* | −5.1[−8.2, −2.9]* |
| Adipose-IR | 4.4 [2.8, 12.0] | −3.9 [−10.6, −2.4] | 6.9 [2.8, 12.7] | −4.1[−12.1, −2.4] | 11.4[9.2, 16.4]* | −12.0[−13.7, −9.0]* | 11.72 [10.3, 13.0]* | −12.2[−13.5, −11.0]* |
| Matsuda Index | 3.6 [2.0, 6.3] | 1.33 [0.0, 2.8] | 2.8 [1.5, 6.3] | 1.8[0.1, 2.9] | 1.3[0.8, 1.8]* | 5.3 [3.5, 7.0]* | 1.3 [1.1, 1.8]* | 4.8[3.4, 5.7]* |
| ISR iAUC0–120 | 0.8 [−0.3, 1.5] | 1.7[1.3, 2.4] | 0.8[−0.4, 1.5] | 2.2[0.8, 3.8] | 0.9 [−0.4, 1.4] | 3.9 [2.6, 7]* | 1.0 [0.3, 1.4] | 3.1[1.9, 5.6] |
| ISR/Glucose iAUC0–120 | 0.01 [0, 0] | 0.01 [0, 0.0] | 0.01 [0, 0.0] | 0.02[0, 0.03] | 0.01 [0, 0.02] | 0.05 [0.03, 0.0]* | 0.01 [0.01, 0.01] | 0.04 [0.02, 0.07] |
| Gut Hormones | ||||||||
| F-GIP (pg/ml) | 3.6 [2.6, 8.7] | −1.5[−3.5, −0.2] | 3.5 [2.3, 8.7] | −0.2 [−2.9, 1.6] | 2.7 [1.35, 7.4] | −0.2 [−1.9, 0] | 3.0 [1.2, 8.2] | 0 [−3.8, 0.6] |
| GIP stim (pg/ml) | 33.7 [16.5, 53.0] | −4.4 [−20, 19.4] | 34.5 [19.2, 53.8] | −14.5[−26.2, 23.0] | 41.2 [26.8, 70.7] | −17.7 [−55, −4.0] | 39.9 [27.3, 70.7] | −16.2 [−38.1, −9.2] |
| F-GLP-1 (pg/ml) | 1.1 [0.6, 2.0] | 0 [−0.3, 0.6] | 1.1 [0.6, 1.7] | 0 [−0.3, 0.7] | 0.8 [0.6, 1.5] | 0 [−0.1, 0.2] | 0.7 [0.6, 2.0] | 0 [0, 1.0] |
| GLP-1 stim (pg/ml) | 2.0 [1.05,3.4] | 9.9[5.1, 18.1] | 2 [1.0, 3.3] | 8.1 [4.6, 16.1] | 2.6 [1, 3.1] | 9.2 [5, 11.15] | 2.6 [1.0, 3.1] | 3.7 [−0.5, 5.3]* |
| F-ghrelin (fmol/ml) | 6.2[2.8, 11.2] | −2.7 [−6.3, −0.5] | 6.7 [2.8, 11.0] | −4.2 [−6.8, −1.6] | 5.7 [3.1, 8.7] | −1.0 [−3.9, 0.9] | 4.8 [2.4, 6.3] | −0.6 [−3.7, 1.3] |
| Ghrelin supp (fmol/ml) | −1.5 [−3.2, 1.2] | −0.9[−2.8, 1.6] | −1.6 [−3.9, 1.2] | −1.01 [−3.5, 2.5] | −1.7 [−4.4, −0.1] | 0.8 [−3.7, 3.8] | −1.4 [−3.6, −0.4] | −0.31 [−1.1, 2.3] |
There were 22 (59%) and 27 (73%) non-remitters at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Data are reported as median [25%, 75%]. Δ Refers to the change between Post-Pre.
Compared to non-remitter at baseline, Δ 12 month or Δ 24 month
P<0.05 using Wilcoxon ran sum test.
BMI = body mass index. F-PG = fasting plasma glucose. F-PI = fasting plasma insulin. F-C-pep = fasting plasma C-peptide. F-FFA = fasting free fatty acid. Stim = stimulation. Supp = suppression. iAUC = incremental area under the curve. Hepatic insulin resistance was divided by 1000 for data presentation. ISR = insulin secretion rate derived from deconvolution of plasma C-peptide. GIP = gastric inhibitory polypeptide. GLP-1 = glucagon-like polypeptide-1. Multiply ghrelin fmol/ml by 3.37 to get pg/ml. Gut hormone stimulation/suppression = Post-prandial (60 min) – Fasting (0 min). Gut hormone stimulation/suppression = Post-prandial (60 min) – Fasting (0 min).