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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2014 Sep 29;38(6):1250–1270. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12088

Fig. 7. H. pylori mechanisms important during colonization of the stomach.

Fig. 7

H. pylori has a series of extraordinarily potent mechanisms to withstand the acid conditions in the human stomach. Attachment is facilitated by several adhesins, including most notably BabA and SabA. The H. pylori Cag type IV secretion system with its effector CagA leads to a subversion of epithelial cell signaling, causing a variety of processes ensuring pathogen survival in the epithelium.