Table 2.
Socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of BMI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2000-2011
| Variables | 2000 | 2005 | 2011 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight (%) | Overweight/obese (%) | Underweight (%) | Overweight/obese (%) | Underweight (%) | Overweight/obese (%) | |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Lowest | - | - | 21.5** | 7.4** | 16.4* | 13.0*** |
| Low | - | - | 17.8 | 16.6 | 14.0 | 19.1 |
| Middle | - | - | 17.8 | 21.5 | 13.7 | 20.7 |
| High | - | - | 15.3 | 17.8 | 15.2 | 23.1 |
| Highest | - | - | 6.7 | 24.5 | 9.7 | 29.0 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 21.2* | 9.4* | 19.3** | 9.5* | 18.8* | 11.3* |
| Married | 13.8 | 28.4 | 10.1 | 33.0 | 8.5 | 32.9 |
| Others | 14.6 | 15.6 | 14.8 | 20.0 | 9.3 | 28.0 |
| Woman's education | ||||||
| No education | 15.9 | 12.9 | 14.6 | 12.5*** | 6.9** | 18.5 |
| Primary education | 18.7 | 15.9 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 14.1 | 18.6 |
| Secondary and higher | 18.4 | 17.8 | 17.4 | 20.7 | 16.3 | 23.0 |
| Respondent currently working | ||||||
| No | 21.1 | 14.3 | 19.3 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 18.2 |
| Yes | 14.0 | 18.4 | 11.7 | 22.6 | 13.7 | 22.7 |
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 20.6* | 10.3* | 19.4*** | 9.1* | 18.3* | 11.6* |
| 1-3 | 15.6 | 18.2 | 10.2 | 30.7 | 9.4 | 31.9 |
| 4+ | 12.1 | 32.7 | 12.5 | 30.8 | 5.1 | 36.2 |
| Number of living children | ||||||
| 0 | 20.4** | 10.3 | 19.4** | 9.6 | 18.1 | 11.8 |
| 1-3 | 16.3 | 18.8 | 10.3 | 29.1 | 9.5 | 32.4 |
| 4+ | 11.0 | 33.9 | 12.0 | 32.6 | 4.9 | 34.4 |
| Source of drinking water | ||||||
| Improved source | 15.7* | 18.3* | 14.8 | 21.3* | 14.0 | 21.9*** |
| Unimproved source | 22.4 | 11.7 | 18.9 | 9.4 | 14.2 | 16.9 |
| Type of toilet facility | ||||||
| Improved source | 17.2* | 17.0** | 14.5* | 20.2** | 17.7*** | 22.2** |
| Unimproved source | 22.4 | 10.6 | 19.3 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 16.0 |
| Relationship to HH head | ||||||
| Head | 18.6* | 21.9* | 13.1* | 26.9* | 11.7* | 28.6* |
| Wife | 13.1 | 29.2 | 9.2 | 34.7 | 7.6 | 31.0 |
| Daughter | 22.7 | 10.7 | 25.1 | 10.4 | 22.8 | 14.3 |
| Other | 16.5 | 8.5 | 14.1 | 8.5 | 14.0 | 12.8 |
| Age of HH head | ||||||
| 13-24 | 18.5* | 4.9 | 30.8*** | 10.3** | 20.2*** | 12.8*** |
| 25-34 | 18.2 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 16.2 |
| 35-44 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 14.7 | 23.9 | 12.8 | 24.8 |
| 45-54 | 19.2 | 19.6 | 14.9 | 20.4 | 17.6 | 23.6 |
| 55+ | 16.4 | 14.5 | 17.8 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 19.3 |
| Religion | ||||||
| Orthodox Christian | 18.2* | 16.1 | 17.2*** | 18.3 | 14.2 | 21.0 |
| Muslim | 17.5 | 15.4 | 7.3 | 18.8 | 15.1 | 15.9 |
| Protestant/Catholic/Traditional/Others | 15.6 | 17.7 | 17.6 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 24.8 |
| Reads newspaper/magazine | ||||||
| No | 17.6 | 14.2 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 11.2 | 19.8 |
| Yes | 18.1 | 16.7 | 18.9 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 21.3 |
| Watches television | ||||||
| No | 21.4* | 10.3** | 19.0 | 13.5 | 12.6 | 9.0** |
| Yes | 16.1 | 16.0 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 21.5 |
| Total/Average | 17.9 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 17.7 | 14.1 | 20.6 |
*P-value < 0.0001, **P-value < 0.01, *P-value < 0.05 for chi-square tests within categories.