Fig. 1.

a EaI, b ElvI, and c ratio responses to exercise training in men and women. EaI arterial elastance indexed to body size; ElvI left ventricular elastance indexed to body size; EaI/ElvI the coupling ratio indexed to body size; asterisk represents a significant difference between pre- and post-training values in that sex; dagger indicates a significant time by sex interaction; and double dagger denotes a significant difference between male and female values at that time point, p < 0.05 for all. Men and women maintained EaI post-training. Female subjects increased ElvI and decreased Ea/Elv after training. EaI, ElvI, and ratio responses to exercise training in males and females