Figure 4.

PARK9-mediated exosome biogenesis requires ESCRT machinery. A, Cells were treated with neutral sphingomyelinase (100 mμ/ml) and exosomes were examined in the media from wild-type and PARK9 mutant fibroblasts (*p < 0.001). Data were analyzed by Student t test. B, The effect of PARK9 overexpression on exosome release in N2A cells with silenced Tsg101 (*p < 0.01, **p < 0.001). The values represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. C, Immunoblot analysis of exosome marker proteins (Alix, flotillin1, Tsg101, and CD63) in exosomes in response to silencing Tsg101 and/or overexpression of PARK9.