Table 3.
Logistic regression model examining characteristics associated with inadequate use of antenatal care (N = 394; unweighted)
| OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) |
| Marital status | |
| Never/formerly married | 1.00 |
| Married | 3.85 (0.75, 19.77) |
| Education1 | |
| None | 1.00 |
| Primary or less | 0.91 (0.32, 2.62) |
| Middle | 0.80 (0.32, 1.98) |
| Secondary and above | 0.18 (0.02, 1.40) |
| Religion | |
| Christian | 1.00 |
| Muslim | 0.15 (0.05, 0.41)** |
| Traditional | 1.12 (0.42, 2.96) |
| None | 2.53 (0.80, 8.06) |
| Wealth quintile | 0.95 (0.70, 1.30) |
| Urban residence | 0.57 (0.24, 1.40) |
| Region | |
| Western | 6.79 (0.48, 95.80) |
| Central | 2.80 (0.16, 47.97) |
| Gt. Accra | 1.00 |
| Volta | 21.77 (1.90, 249.58)* |
| Eastern | 4.96 (0.47, 52.62) |
| Ashanti | 8.17 (0.78, 85.72) |
| Brong Ahafo | 11.27 (0.91, 139.17) |
| Northern | 39.82 (3.26, 487.14)** |
| Upper East | 7.19 (0.49, 104.53) |
| Upper West | 2.60 (0.12, 58.04) |
| General health | |
| Very healthy | 0.42 (0.10, 1.68) |
| Somewhat healthy | 0.61 (0.13, 3.03) |
| Unhealthy | 1.00 |
| Total number of children | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) |
| Physical abuse | 5.12 (1.35, 19.43)* |
*P-value <0.05; **P-value <0.01.
1Among women with no formal education, having experienced physical abuse (compared to not having this experience) was associated with significantly higher odds of receiving inadequate antenatal care (OR = 84.37; 95% CI = 3.96, >999.999). Among women with a primary level and middle or higher level of education, experiencing physical abuse was not statistically associated with inadequate antenatal care (OR among women with a primary level of education = 1.27; 95% CI = 0.18, 8.83; OR among women with a middle or higher level of education = 6.17; 95% CI =0.41, 92.79).