Table 3.
Changes in the outcome variables – intention-to-treat analysis a
|
Outcome variable |
Intervention group (ITT) N = 1,349 |
Control group (CTRL) N = 1,338 |
Difference between groups (ITT vs. CTRL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | p b | |
|
Overall impact
c
on the target health behaviors under consideration |
(n = 1,307) |
(n = 1,292) |
0.006 |
| Improved |
37.0 |
31.4 |
|
| No change |
28.1 |
28.7 |
|
| Declined |
34.9 |
39.9 |
|
|
Change in physical activity level |
(n = 1,330) |
(n = 1,323) |
0.771 |
| Increased |
23.8 |
23.1 |
|
| No change |
58.8 |
58.5 |
|
| Decreased |
17.4 |
18.4 |
|
|
Change in meal regularity |
|
|
|
| Breakfast |
(n = 1,344) |
(n = 1,332) |
0.440 |
| More regular |
20.1 |
20.0 |
|
| No change |
62.1 |
60.2 |
|
| More irregular |
17.9 |
19.7 |
|
| Lunch |
(n = 1,345) |
(n = 1,336) |
0.730 |
| More regular |
25.9 |
25.0 |
|
| No change |
48.8 |
48.5 |
|
| More irregular |
25.3 |
26.5 |
|
| Dinner |
(n = 1,340) |
(n = 1,334) |
0.629 |
| More regular |
22.4 |
22.6 |
|
| No change |
47.0 |
45.3 |
|
| More irregular |
30.6 |
32.1 |
|
|
Change in the bedtime before school-/work-days |
(n = 1,343) |
(n = 1,317) |
0.061 |
| Earlier |
31.7 |
27.7 |
|
| No change |
34.3 |
35.2 |
|
| Later |
34.0 |
37.1 |
|
| |
Median (IQR) |
Median (IQR) |
p
d
|
|
Change in BMI |
(n = 1,244) |
(n = 1,294) |
|
| All |
0.55 (1.59) |
0.51 (1.75) |
0.769 |
| BMI classes (before the intervention): |
|
|
|
| BMI < 18.5 |
0.88 (1.21) |
0.62 (1.30) |
0.919 |
| BMI 18.5–24.9 |
0.54 (1.55) |
0.49 (1.57) |
0.561 |
| BMI 25.0–29.9 |
0.39 (2.08) |
0.62 (2.55) |
0.805 |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 0.65 (3.01) | 0.23 (3.80) | 0.914 |
aAll participants in the intervention and control arm who completed the questionnaire both at the baseline and at the end of the intervention period, and were not excluded for pregnancy during the intervention period.
bPearson’s Chi-square test.
cNet effect (sum of changes) in the three health behaviors under choice: physical activity, meal regularity and bedtime before school- or work-days.
dMann–Whitney test. CTRL = control, IQR = interquartile range.