Self-efficacy
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Confidence in ability to engage in PA (task self-efficacy) and to overcome barriers to PA (barrier self-efficacy)
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• Facilitate action planning [35]
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• Activity at the end of each newsletter prompting participants to be specific about what, when and who they will be active with each week
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• Provide specific instructions [35]
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• Reinforce efforts or progress towards goal behaviour [35]
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• Provide feedback on participants past behaviour [36,37]
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• Graphs in each newsletter displaying PA relative to the guidelines and past behaviour
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• Promote vicarious experience [37]
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• Testimonial illustrating success
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Environment
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External factors that influence (either positively or negatively) the PA behaviour of an individual
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• Help secure social support in ways meaningful to individuals (note: planning social support and social change has been associated with lowering self-efficacy [35])
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• Written advice encouraging participants to think of 1 or 2 people in their immediate circle they could share their physical activity plan with (to increase encouragement and opportunities for practical help).
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• Teach behaviour change skills that help individuals cope with environmental barriers e.g. time management [35]
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• Provision of contact details for breast cancer specific PA groups
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• Encouragement to form a concrete plan
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• Provide individuals with PA resources and encourage links with the community [38]
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Behavioural capability
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Knowledge of what PA to perform and possession of PA skills necessary to perform those activities
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• Inform breast cancer survivors of PA guidelines [39]
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• Written feedback about whether or not participants are meeting the guidelines
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• Provide instructions on how to perform specific activities (e.g. stretching) [35]
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• A3 poster illustrating stretches and resistance-based exercises
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Expectations
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Expected effects of PA behaviour
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• Address misconceptions about the benefits of PA and promote outcomes that have functional meaning for the individual (e.g. reducing fatigue, managing weight) [35].
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• Provide overview of scientific evidence for the benefits of physical activity
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• Provide overview of how much other breast cancer survivors are exercising
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• Testimonial illustrating success
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• Facilitate social comparison [35]
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Self-control
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Personal regulation of goal-directed PA behaviour, includes activities such as goal setting, self-monitoring, problem solving and self-reward
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• Promote self-regulation behaviours [40]
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• A3 activity planner
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• Encourage participants to set PA challenges for themselves
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• Encourage self-monitoring [36]
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Observational learning
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Learning from the experience of others, by watching the actions and outcomes of others PA behaviour
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• Provide opportunities for vicarious experience via credible role models [34]
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• Expert advice sections from exercise physiologist and behavioural scientist
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• Testimonial from breast cancer survivor |