Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 2340)
|
Variables |
|
Total |
Urban |
Rural |
P value* |
| |
% (n) |
% (n) |
% (n) |
|
|
|
Sex |
Female |
52.1 (1217) |
53.2 (917) |
48.9 (300) |
0.14 |
|
Age |
9 years |
2.8 (64) |
3.2 (55) |
1.5 (9) |
< 0.05 |
| |
10 years |
40.1 (933) |
44.8 (767) |
27.1 (166) |
|
| |
11 years |
41.9 (975) |
39.3 (672) |
49.4 (303) |
|
| |
12 years |
11.2 (260) |
9.6 (165) |
15.5 (95) |
|
| |
13 years |
3.2 (74) |
2.2 (38) |
5.9 (36) |
|
| |
14 years |
0.6 (14) |
0.6 (11) |
0.5 (3) |
|
| |
15 years |
0.2 (5) |
0.2 (4) |
0.2 (1) |
|
|
Environmental factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current exposure to dog |
|
86.2 (2003) |
86.4 (1478) |
85.8 (525) |
0.75 |
|
Current exposure to cat |
|
59.2 (1375) |
58.1 (994) |
62.4 (381) |
0.09 |
|
Current exposure to farm animals |
|
36.1 (837) |
31.6 (539) |
48.9 (298) |
< 0.05 |
|
Intense truck traffic
1
|
|
28.6 (655) |
29.4 (494) |
26.5 (161) |
0.32 |
|
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure |
|
37.1 (868) |
31.7 (547) |
52.4 (321) |
< 0.05 |
|
Cooking fuel |
Wood or coal |
18.5 (431) |
9.7 (167) |
43.1 (264) |
< 0.05 |
|
Disease vectors presence at home
2
(Median 2; Range 0 to 6) |
None |
8.4 (197) |
9.0 (155) |
6.9 (42) |
< 0.05 |
| |
1 Vector |
39.3 (920) |
41.8 (722) |
32.3 (198) |
|
| |
2 Vectors |
23.9 (559) |
24.6 (424) |
22.0 (135) |
|
| |
3 Vectors |
16.5 (385) |
16.3 (282) |
16.8 (103) |
|
| |
≥ 4 Vectors |
12.0 (279) |
8.3 (144) |
22.0 (135) |
|
|
Precarious household conditions
3
|
None |
70.6 (1615) |
77.8 (1310) |
50.5 (305) |
< 0.05 |
| |
1 |
21.2 (484) |
17.0 (286) |
32.8 (198) |
|
| |
≥ 2 |
8.2 (188) |
5.2 (87) |
16.7 (101) |
|
|
Number of item ownership
4
(Median 4; Range 0 to 7) |
None |
0.6 (13) |
0.6 (11) |
0.3 (2) |
< 0.05 |
| |
1 item |
6.4 (149) |
4.7 (82) |
10.9 (67) |
|
| |
2 items |
7.4 (173) |
5.5 (95) |
12.7 (78) |
|
| |
3 items |
16.4 (383) |
15.3 (264) |
19.4 (119) |
|
| |
4 items |
22.3 (522) |
22.1 (382) |
22.8 (140) |
|
| |
5 items |
22.3 (521) |
23.6 (408) |
18.4 (113) |
|
| |
≥ 6 items |
24.8 (579) |
28.1 (485) |
15.3 (94) |
|
|
Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current asthma symptoms WQ
5
|
|
17.8 (414) |
16.4 (281) |
21.7 (133) |
0.11 |
|
Current asthma symptoms VQ
6
|
|
6.4 (148) |
7.3 (124) |
3.9 (24) |
0.23 |
|
Current rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms
7
|
|
22.2 (516) |
21.5 (369) |
24.0 (147) |
0.54 |
| Current eczema symptoms 8 | 9.2 (213) | 9.5 (161) | 8.5 (52) | 0.59 |
*Chi square Test.
1Intense truck traffic: Almost the whole day.
2Disease vectors: fleas, ticks, kissing bugs, mice, bedbugs, flies.
3Precarious floor: soil; Precarious walls: cane, palm or trunk; Precarious source of water for cooking: river, lake, pump or water tank car; Precarious sewage system: to the surface or to a septic tank.
4Item ownership: Radio, TV, bicycle, motorbike, car, refrigerator, telephone.
5Positive answer to the question: “Have you had wheezing or whistling in the chest during the last 12 months?”in the written questionnaire.
6Positive answer to the first scene of the video questionnaire: Moderate wheezing at rest.
7Presence of sneezing or a runny or blocked nose, accompanied by itchy watery eyes without a cold or the flu.
8Presence of an itchy rash at any time in the past 12 months affecting the following places: the folds of the elbows; behind the knees; in front of the ankles; under the buttocks; or around the neck, ears, or eyes).